A total of 602 samples of organically and conventionally grown barley, oats and wheat was collected at grain harvest during 2002-2004 in Norway. Organic and conventional samples were comparable pairs regarding cereal species, growing site and harvest time, and were analysed for Fusarium mould and mycotoxins. Agronomic and climatic factors explained 10-30% of the variation in Fusarium species an...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of cereal crops worldwide. Recently, a novel fungicide JS399-19 has been launched into the marketplace to manage FHB. It is compelling that JS399-19 shows highly inhibitory activity towards some Fusarium species, but not to other fungi, indicating that it is an environmentally compatible fungicide. To explore the...

To expand our knowledge of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen and trichothecene toxin diversity, a global collection of 2100 isolates was screened for novel genetic variation, resulting in the identification of 16 phylogenetically divergent FHB isolates. The affinities and taxonomic status of these novel isolates were evaluated via phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data (13 gene...

Ethylene signalling affects the resistance of dicotyledonous plant species to diverse pathogens but almost nothing is known about the role of this pathway in monocotyledonous crop species. Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals, contaminating grain with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Very little is known about the mechanisms of resistance/susceptibility to t...

Fusarium graminearum is a plant pathogen, which causes crop diseases and further leads to huge economic damage worldwide in past decades. Recently, the accumulation of different types of molecular data provides insights into the pathogenic mechanism of F. graminearum, and might help develop efficient strategies to combat this destructive fungus. Unfortunately, most available molecular data rela...

Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (F. graminearum s.s.) is the major causal agent of Fusarium head blight of wheat worldwide, and contaminates grains with trichothecene mycotoxins that cause serious threats to food safety and animal health. An important aspect of managing this pathogen and reducing mycotoxin contamination of wheat is knowledge regarding its population genetics. Therefore, isol...

Barley is affected by Fusarium head blight. The mycotoxins produced by F. graminearum affect the grain safety, malting and beer quality. Barley can be irradiated with electron beam radiation to reduce the fungal contamination, but there may be some Fusarium strains which can survive, grow and produce mycotoxins as irradiated barley is malted. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was...

Fusarium species can produce mycotoxins, which can contaminate cereal-based food producing adverse effects for human and animal health. In recent years, the importance of Fusarium poae has increased within the Fusarium head blight complex. Fusarium poae is known to produce trichothecenes, especially nivalenol, a potent mycotoxin able to cause a variety of toxic effects. In this study, a specifi...

Curcuma longa possesses powerful antifungal activity, as demonstrated in many studies. In this study, the antifungal spectrum of Curcuma longa alcohol extract was determined, and the resulting EC50 values (mg/mL) of its extract on eleven fungi, including Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Alternaria alternate, Fusarium tricinctum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium...

A genomic DNA fragment containing Tri6, a transcription activator gene of trichothecene biosynthesis, was cloned by vectorette PCR from Fusarium graminearum F15, which produces type B trichothecene, deoxynivalenol. The nucleotide sequence of the gene showed 84% of identity to that of the type A trichothecene producer Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299, but the sequence around the initiation co...