T humans have certain desires is a fundamental truth of our nature and a central premise of economic theory. One may disagree about what those desires comprise or whether such desires are morally good or even beneficial for our interests, but one cannot doubt the existence of preferences across choices and alternatives. Economists, rational choice theorists, and many political scientists operat...

Computer music analysis is investigated, with speciic reference to the current research elds of automatic music transcription, human music perception, pitch determination, note and stream segmentation, score generation, time-frequency analysis techniques, and musical grammars. Human music perception is investigated from two perspectives: the computational model perspective desires an algorithm ...

We cannot see others’ mental states, so we infer them by watching how people behave. Bayesian inference in a model of rational action – called inverse planning – captures how humans infer desires from observable actions. These models represent desires as simple associations between agents and world states. In this paper we show that by representing desires as probabilistic programs, an inverse ...

Norms have become one of the most promising mechanisms of social control to ensure a desirable social order in open multi-agent systems where autonomous, heterogeneous and independently designed entities can work towards similar or different ends. Norms regulate the behaviour of agents by defining permissions, obligations and prohibitions, and by stating stimulus to their fulfilment while defin...

We developed a gift-giving task requiring children to identify their mother's desire, when her desire differed from theirs. We found a developmental change: 3- and 4-year-olds performed more poorly than 5-year-olds (Experiment 1). A modified version of this task (Experiment 2) revealed that 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds whose desires had been fulfilled chose an appropriate gift for their mothers sign...