نتایج جستجو برای: fuel substitution
تعداد نتایج: 124497 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
A carbon tax would penalize carbon intensive fuels like gasoline and shift fuel consumption to less carbon intensive alternatives like biofuels. Since biofuel production competes for land with agriculture, a carbon tax could raise land rents, divert land towards fuel production, and raise agricultural prices. This paper analyzes the welfare effect of a carbon tax on fuel with gasoline and biofu...
a semi-empirical mathematical model for predicting physical part of ignition delay period in the combustion of direct - injection diesel engines with swirl is developed . this model based on a single droplet evaporation model . the governing equations , namely , equations of droplet motion , heat and mass transfer were solved simultaneously using a rung-kutta step by step unmerical method . the...
--This research is aimed to investigate experimentally the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine when fuelled with blends of conventional diesel fuel and ethanol, blends of rice bran methyl ester with ethanol, blends of diesel and rice bran methyl ester over the entire range of load on the engine. The experimental results showed that the highe...
The ignition of pre-compressed fuel by convergent shock wave, as a new approach in inertial confinement fusion that is known as shock ignition is considered with the aim of achieving high gain and providing threshold of ignition in lower energy. In this research, optimization of the energy of individual ions in the beam according to the hydrodynamic efficiency and target energy gain in a five-l...
In this paper, a dynamic optimization approach for optimal choice of energy carriers in thermal power plants is proposed that analyzes the substitution of energy carriers in short-term planning of a power plant.The model is based on the linear programming method with the objective of minimizing costs under constraints of resource availability, energy balances, environmental regulations and elec...
The process of making cement clinker uses a lot energy and produces pollution. Currently, companies use combination traditional fossil fuels alternative (AF-Fuels) to lower their consumption environmental footprint by improving the pyro-system. In calciner, AF-Fuels can reach thermal substitution rate (TSR) up 80–100%. However, kiln burner only achieve TSR 50–60%. High values have been provided...
the present study was an attempt to conduct a contrastive analysis between general english (ge) and english for specific purposes (esp) texts in terms of cohesion and cohesive devices. to this end, thirty texts from different esp and ge textbooks were randomly selected. then they were analyzed manually to find the frequency of cohesive devices. cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ...
Clean production of hydrogen from electrochemical water splitting has been known as a green method of fuel production. In this work, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was investigated at new prepared layered double hydroxides (LDH) in acidic solution. NiAl/carbon black (CB) LDH was monitored using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scannin...
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