An intelligent tutoring system is a computer-based self-learning system which provides personalized learning content to students based on their needs and preferences. The importance of a students’ affective component in learning has motivated adaptive ITS to include learners’ affective states in their student models. Learner-centered emotions such as frustration, boredom, and confusion are cons...

In spin-glass systems, frustration can be adjusted continuously and considerably, without changing the antiferromagnetic bond probability p, by using locally correlated quenched randomness, as we demonstrate here on hypercubic lattices and hierarchical lattices. Such overfrustrated and underfrustrated Ising systems on hierarchical lattices in d=3 and 2 are studied. With the removal of just 51% ...

One of the primary ways researchers have characterized engagement is by an increase in search actions. Another possibility is that instead of experiencing increased engagement, people who click and query frequently are actually frustrated; several studies have shown that frustration is also characterized by increases in clicking and querying behaviors. This research seeks to illuminate the diff...

Earlier studies have shown that thwarting of feeding behaviour in the laying hen is expressed through a specific vocalisation, the gakel-call. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether the effect of deprivation per se on the occurrence of gakel-calls can be distinguished from the effect of the additional frustration. Frustration is defined as the state of an animal that results fro...

A fundamental piece of the puzzle, that is the protein folding problem, refers to the balance between energetic and topological frustration. Energetic frustration results from the often conflicting requirements that hydrophobic residues need to reside inside the folded protein structure, while polar and charged residues prefer to reside on the surface of the structure in close contact with wate...