Let Z2 = {0, 1} and G = (V ,E) be a graph. A labeling f : V → Z2 induces an edge labeling f* : E →Z2 defined by f*(uv) = f(u).f (v). For i ε Z2 let vf (i) = v(i) = card{v ε V : f(v) = i} and ef (i) = e(i) = {e ε E : f*(e) = i}. A labeling f is said to be Vertex-friendly if | v(0) − v(1) |≤ 1. The vertex balance index set is defined by {| ef (0) − ef (1) | : f is vertex-friendly}. In this paper ...

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Let G be a graph with vertex set V and edge set E , and let A be an abelian group. A labeling f : V → A induces an edge labeling f ∗ : E → A defined by f (xy) = f (x) + f (y). For i ∈ A, let v f (i) = card{v ∈ V : f (v) = i} and e f (i) = card{e ∈ E : f (e) = i}. A labeling f is said to be A-friendly if |v f (i)−v f ( j)| ≤ 1 for all (i, j) ∈ A× A, and A-cordial if we also have |e f (i) − e f (...

“Aging-friendly” communities are environments where people can live their entire lives rather than having to relocate because of age-related changes. The objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which middle-aged, long-term residents in Wisconsin perceived their communities to be aging-friendly, and to determine whether these perceptions varied according to county rurality. Rura...

BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTIVES A discussion and analysis of factors that contribute to nurses' happiness index can be useful in developing effective interventions to improve nurses' enthusiasm, sense of honor and pride and to improve the efficiency and quality of medical services. METHODS In this study, 206 registered nurses at the 2011 annual encounter for 12 Hanchuan hospitals completed a questionn...

background: the baby-friendly hospital initiative was launched in 1989 by world health organization and the united nations children's fund for the promotion of breastfeeding. this program was implemented in many departments of gynecology and obstetrics and resulted in reduced malnutrition, infection, morbidity and mortality in children. this program has introduced 10 specific steps to supp...