This paper investigates how fraud schemes can be integrated into the fraud risk assessment process and be incorporated into audit planning. A framework for assessing fraud risk using an evidential reasoning approach based on the belief-function formalism was developed in this paper. The framework extends fraud risk assessment models in prior fraud research in three respects. First, it integrate...

Corporate fraud these days represents a huge cost to our economy. Academic literature already concentrated on how data mining techniques can be of value in the fight against fraud. All this research focusses on fraud detection, mostly in a context of external fraud. In this paper we discuss the use of a data mining approach to reduce the risk of internal fraud. Reducing fraud risk comprehends b...

Everybody can recall some kind of fraud that has been all over the news. If it were Enron, WorldCom, Lernout & Hauspie, Ahold, Société Générale or another case does not matter. Fact is that fraud has become a serious part of our life and hence a serious cost to our economy. Several studies on this phenomenon report shocking numbers: forty-three percent of companies worldwide have fallen victim ...

Fraud is a million dollar business and it is increasing every year. Both internal and external fraud present a substantial cost to our economy worldwide. A review of the academic literature learns that the academic community only addresses external fraud and how to detect this type of fraud. Little or no effort to our knowledge has been put in investigating how to prevent ánd to detect internal...

In this article, we derive an audit risk formula for a simple situation. This formula closely resembles the SAS 47 model when we assume that no material misstatement due to fraud exists. A simple case illustrates how the risk of material misstatement due to management fraud impacts audit risk and how performing special audit procedures to detect such irregularities can decrease overall audit ri...

for management override of controls. Auditors are discouraged from placing too much reliance on client representation and are required to maintain a skeptical attitude throughout the audit. The standard encourages auditors to engage in frequent discussion among engagement personnel regarding the risk of material misstatement due to fraud. SAS 99 also requires auditors to inquire of management a...

In this paper we consider the application of a naïve Bayes model for the evaluation of fraud risk connected with government agencies. This model applies probabilistic classifiers to support a generic risk assessment model, allowing for more efficient and effective use of resources for fraud detection in government transactions, and assisting audit agencies in transitioning from reactive to proa...