In RDBMS, dynamic semantics such as categorization, aggregation and generalization cannot be recognized when mapped into a logical relational schema. Programming is needed in the database applications to preserve the semantics since the database cannot provide such enforcement. A frame model is proposed for (i) storing semantics from relational database and (ii) enforcing constraints of relatio...

Kripke frame semantics is used as a concise and convenient apparatus for the study of non-classical predicate logics, but it is well-known that there exist a great many important logics which cannot be complete with respect to this semantics. Logicians have been introducing many kinds of new semantics to get rid of this difficulty. (cf. [1], [3]) Hence it is important to find a non-trivial exam...

The paper presents a formal semantics for distributed inference in the family of intelligent systems based on distributed frame hierarchy model. A formal semantics for a subclass of frame-production systems is presented, based on denoting a knowledgebase by a frame world state function W, and then defining an operational semantics for logical inference in terms of transformations of this functi...

Scenarios that describe concrete situations of software operation play an important role in software development, and in particular in requirements engineering. Scenario details should vary in content and detail when described from different viewpoints (e.g. types of user or external interface), but this presents a difficulty, because informal scenarios cannot easily be translated from one view...

Natural language questions are interpreted to a sequence of patterns to be matched with instances of patterns in a knowledge base (KB) for answering. A natural language (NL) question answering (QA) system utilizes meaningful patterns matching the syntactic/lexical features between the NL questions and KB. In the most of KBs, there are only binary relations in triple form to represent relation b...

Abstract Frame semantics for negation on the Australian Plan accommodates many different negations, but it falls short accommodating subminimal when language contains conjunction and disjunction. In this paper, I will present a multi-relational frame –multi-incompatibility semantics– that can accommodate negation. first argue multi-incompatibility frames are in accordance with philosophical mot...

Compared to other existing semantic role repositories, FrameNet is characterized by an extremely high number of roles or Frame Elements (FEs), which amount to 8,884 in the last resource release. This represents an interesting issue to investigate both from a theoretical and a practical point of view. In this paper, we analyze the semantics of frame elements by automatically assigning them a set...

3D graphics scenes are difficult to create, requiring users to learn and utilize a series of complex menus, dialog boxes, and often tedious direct manipulation techniques. By giving up some amount of control afforded by such interfaces we have found that users can use natural language to quickly and easily create a wide variety of 3D scenes. Natural language offers an interface that is intuitiv...

Crowdsourcing techniques applied to natural language processing have recently experienced a steady growth and represent a cheap and fast, albeit valid, solution to create benchmarks and training data. Nevertheless, some particularly complex tasks such as semantic role annotation have been rarely conducted in a crowdsourcing environment, due to their intrinsic difficulty. In this paper, we prese...

These materials are an unpublished, proprietary work of ETS. Any limited distribution shall not constitute publication. This work may not be reproduced or distributed to third parties without ETS's prior written consent. Submit all requests through There is an increasing interest in the use of Automatic Item Generation (AIG) in educational assessment, concomitant with the development of technol...