Sam Shepard is one of the foremost living American Playwrights. He has always been concerned with the problem of identity, specifically the fragmented identity of man living in the postmodern era. Such characterization is evident in his plays: True West, Fool for Love, and A Lie of the Mind. Thus, the present article is to demonstrate the fragmented identity of Lee and Austin, Eddie and May, an...

This paper argues that the contribution of trade preferences to economic development needs to be reappraised in light of the growth of globalised trade in manufactures. Trade preferences may be able to act as a catalyst for manufacturing exports, leading to rapid growth in exports and employment. To do so, preferences need to be designed to be consistent with international trade in fragmented ‘...

DNA is fragmented and the transferred strand of the transposon end oligonucleotide is covalently attached to the 5′ end of the target fragment (Fig. 1a). The size distribution of the fragments can be controlled At present, next-generation sequencing platforms use slightly different technologies for sequencing, such as pyrosequencing, sequencing by synthesis or sequencing by ligation. However, m...

Classical apoptotic cell death can be defined by certain morphological and biochemical characteristics that distinguish it from other forms of cell death. One such feature, which is a hallmark of apoptosis, is DNA fragmentation. In dying cells, DNA is cleaved by an endonuclease that fragments the chromatin into nucleosomal units, which are multiples of about 180-bp oligomers and appear as a DNA...

Ancestral genome reconstruction is an important step in analyzing the evolution of genomes. Recent progress in sequencing ancient DNA led to the publication of so-called paleogenomes and allows the integration of this sequencing data in genome evolution analysis. However, the assembly of ancient genomes is fragmented because of DNA degradation over time. Integrated phylogenetic assembly address...

The standard model for the dynamics of a fragmented density-dependent population is built from several local logistic models coupled by migrations. First introduced in the 1970s and used in innumerable articles, this standard model applied to a two-patch situation has never been completely analysed. Here, we complete this analysis and we delineate the conditions under which fragmentation associ...

Apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was characterized in rat small intestine. Under halothane anesthesia, the superior mesenteric artery in the rat was occluded for 15 or 60 min, followed by reperfusion. Ratios of fragmented DNA to total DNA, electrophoresis, and immunohistochemical staining were examined after I/R. Some rats were pretreated with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to exami...

Recent advancements in sequencing technologies have made it possible to sequence large quantities of the DNA preserved in ancient remains. This DNA differs from modern DNA in three key aspects. First, the DNA is fragmented into short molecules. Second, the DNA is damaged leading to misreads bases during sequencing. Last, molecules from the ancient species are mixed with molecules from microbial...