federal lands to facilitate resource extraction, recreation, and transportation (Havlick 2002) – enough to drive to the moon and back. While these roads provide important services, their construction and presence can also influence the hydrology, geomorphology, and ecosystem processes. They can substantially alter hillslope hydrology by reducing soil infiltration, concentrating water through ro...

infrastructure development often leads to considerable changes in the land use. these changes are major causes of habitat fragmentation and ecosystem loss. moreover, decrease of the environmental impacts on biodiversity is among the most important objectives of sustainable development. for this purpose, environmental impact assessment (eia) along with the other appropriate tools can be applied ...

Area utilization is poor in reconfigurable operating systems due to fragmentation of placement resources caused by dynamic addition and deletion of tasks. We attempt to quantify the amount of fragmentation of the area resources. Main assertion of our fragmentation model is that each empty cell on the FPGA offers different fragmentation depending upon other empty cells in its vicinity. Our model...

Amphibian populations are highly vulnerable to road mortality and habitat fragmentation caused by road networks. Wildlife road tunnels are considered the most promising road mitigation measure for amphibians yet generally remain inadequately monitored, resulting in mixed success rates in the short-term and uncertain conservation benefits in the long-term. We monitored a complex multi-tunnel and...

Road traffic accidents account for approximately 3000 deaths on a daily basis, and 50 million injuries and 1.2 million deaths each year. In low-income and middle income countries, road traffic accidents account for 85% of deaths and 90% of annual disability. Casualties of this magnitude are a serious problem throughout the world and create a significant impact on society. In addition, neurologi...

Road construction is expanding worldwide, exacerbating both direct mortality by road-kills and habitat fragmentation, especially for mobile vertebrates such as bats. Understanding how road density affects bat communities in mosaic landscapes of various compositions configurations therefore critical. We acoustically sampled 172 southern France to: (i) disentangle the relative interacting effects...

Background: Iran has a uniquely catastrophic status for road traffic injury and fatality. Fars province has had the highest number of casualties among the other provinces in recent 5 years. For instance, there are 966 road accident fatalities in 2018. Shiraz-Kazerun road is the deadliest one in Fars province. So, to help the policymakers toward better planning, this study was established to ide...

Roads can fragment animal populations, which can lead to decreased gene flow between populations. This causes increased genetic differentiation and decreased genetic diversity between and among populations. These affects are well documented in studies focusing upon the effects of urbanization on salamander populations, however, little is known about the effects of rural roads on fragmented popu...

Contact Information Developing an online database of descriptions of ectomycorrhizae 1. Research Scientist, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 Burnside Road West, Victoria, BC, V8Z 1M5. Email: [email protected] 2. Biologist, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 Burnside Road West, Victoria, BC, V8Z 1...