In this paper, we review analytical and computational models of bone fracture and strength. Bone fracture is a complex phenomenon due to the composite, inhomogeneous and hierarchical structure of bone. First, we briefly summarize the hierarchical structure of bone, spanning from the nanoscale, sub-microscale, microscale, mesoscale to the macroscale, and discuss experimental observations on fail...

The fracture strength of silicon nanowires grown on a [111] silicon substrate by the vapor-liquid-solid process was measured. The nanowires, with diameters between 100 and 200 nm and a typical length of 2 microm, were subjected to bending tests using an atomic force microscopy setup inside a scanning electron microscope. The average strength calculated from the maximum nanowire deflection befor...

The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of micro surface defects introduced by the focused ion beam (FIB) technique on the fracture strength of ceramics. Three-point bending tests on alumina-silicon carbide (Al₂O₃/SiC) ceramic composites containing crack-like surface defects introduced by FIB were carried out. A surface defect with area in the range 19 to 35 µm was introduced at the ce...

in this paper, hardness and tensile properties of welded zone of aluminum 1100 alloys by friction stir welding process was investigated and the effects of rotational and traverse speeds of tool on these parameters was studied. also the fracture cross-section of welded samples was investigated. according the results of this paper, the hardness of weld material is higher than base material and is...

background and aim: the present study aimed at determination of the fatigue resistance and failure mode of cusp-replacing onlays in endodontically treated premolars using indirect composite resin restorations. materials and method: in this experimental study, 84 human premolars were randomly divided into 7 groups of 12. these groups were prepared as follows: intact teeth used in group1 as contr...

Results of experimental investigation carried out to study the effects of addition of natural san fibres on the fracture toughness and impact strength of high-volume fly ash concrete are presented in this paper. San fibres belong to the category of ‘Natural Bast Fibres’, also known as ‘Sunn Hemp’. Its scientific (botanical) name is Crotalaria Juncea. It is mostly grown in the Indian Sub-Contine...

The risk of fractures is multifactorial and is related to the ability of bone to resist fracturing, which depends on its material and structural properties, and on the intensity, frequency and impact of trauma. Low BMD is a major determinant of bone strength and fracture risk. However, most patients with a fracture have no osteoporosis and BMD explains <50% of bone strength and fracture risk. B...

Abstract: Zirconia solid electrolytes with nonequilibrium composite structure were prepared by impregnation of a porous 8YSZ matrix with a solution of Zirconia. Microstructures were characterized by XRD and SEM. The electrical properties were studied by impedance spectroscopy as a function of temperature. Biaxial flexural strength and fracture toughness of composite samples were measured by rin...