The objective of this study was to evaluate whether renal excretion of sodium is impaired and whether tubular reabsorption of sodium is increased in normotensive white men with a familial predisposition to develop essential hypertension. We compared 11 normotensive sons of two hypertensive parents (SOHT) with 11 normotensive sons of two normotensive parents (SONT); renal sodium handling was ass...

OBJECTIVE To determine fluoride excretion under various conditions of fluoride intake and to estimate the fractional urinary excretion of fluoride in individual children participating in a school milk fluoridation scheme. DESIGN In the first part of the study, individual urine samples were collected from each of eight 4 to 5-year-old children for a continuous period of 55 h. For each child (n...

Fractional excretion of lithium, as a marker for proximal sodium reabsorption, was determined in normotensive Dahl S rats (susceptible to NaCl hypertension) and Dahl R rats (resistant to NaCl hypertension) before and following an acute sodium load. Baseline mean arterial pressures, inulin clearances, sodium excretion rates, and fractional lithium clearances were not different between the R and ...

Studies were performed in anesthetized dogs (n = 5) to determine the effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor on renal function and renin release. Intrarenal infusion of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) (0.3 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) resulted in a transient increase in renal blood flow (126 +/- 8 to 148 +/- 11 ml/min). The duration of this transient vasodilation was 3.1 +/- 0.4 m...

INTRODUCTION Pre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. It occurs in 7% of all the pregnancies and accounts for 80% of the cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Diagnosis of pre-eclampsia in patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease, proteinuria, and hypertension is a dilemma. The fractional excretion of urea has been described as a mark...

OBJECTIVE While systemic glucocorticoids compromise bone metabolism, altered intracellular cortisol availability may also contribute to the pathogenesis of primary male osteoporosis (MO). The objective of this study was to assess whether intracellular cortisol availability is increased in MO due to a distorted local cortisol metabolism. METHODS Forty-one patients with MO were compared with ag...

1. Clearance and micropuncture studies were performed in 27 dogs made uraemic by segmental infarction to examine the factors responsible for phosphate adaptation in chronic renal failure. 2. The animals were studied before and after extracellular volume expansion to 10% of body weight in the presence and absence of parathyroid glands. The results were compared with 19 normal dogs studied under ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Disorders of mineral metabolism are more common in African Americans with CKD than in European Americans with CKD. Previous studies have focused on the differences in mineral metabolism by self-reported race, making it difficult to delineate the importance of environmental compared with biologic factors. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS In a cross-sectio...

1. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal blood-flow were normal in a series of patients with sickle cell anaemia. Fractional creatinine excretion and fractional urea excretion were increased. 2. During indomethacin administration there were significant falls in glomerular filtration rate, effective renal blood-flow, creatinine clearance and urea clearance in the patients with sickle ce...