Biochemical reaction networks in living cells usually involve reversible covalent modification of signaling molecules, such as protein phosphorylation. Under conditions of small molecule numbers, as is frequently the case in living cells, mass-action theory fails to describe the dynamics of such systems. Instead, the biochemical reactions must be treated as stochastic processes that intrinsical...

The intracellular environment is known to be a crowded and inhomogeneous space. Such an in vivo environment differs from a well-diluted, homogeneous environment for biochemical reactions. However, the effects of both crowdedness and the inhomogeneity of environment on the behavior of a mobile particle have not yet been investigated sufficiently. As described in this paper, we constructed artifi...

In this paper, the optimal conditions for fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs) were derived in which the fractional differential operators defined in terms of Caputo sense and reduces this problem to a system of fractional differential equations (FDEs) that is called twopoint boundary value (TPBV) problem. An approximate solution of this problem is constructed by using the Legendre-Gauss...

Many simulation algorithms have been developed to help model spatial structure in cellular systems, each of which is intended to represent reaction dynamics with high spatial resolution. In this study, we simulated the e ects of macromolecular crowding on biochemical reaction rates to investigate which method actually performs best in practice. All 5 simulators investigated showed that di usion...

Chaos synchronization of coupled fractional order differential equation is receiving increasing attention because of its potential applications in secure communications and control processing. The aim of this paper is synchronization between two identical or different delay fractional-order chaotic systems in finite time. At first, the predictor-corrector method is used to obtain the solutions ...

This paper is concerned with the numerical solutions of a variable-order space-time fractional reaction-diffusion model. The space-time fractional derivative is considered in the sense of Riesz-Feller, the system is defined by replacing the second order space derivatives with the variable Riesz-Feller derivatives. The problem is solved by an explicit finite difference method. Finally, simulatio...

Based on the recently introduced fractional Taylor’s formula, a fractional heat conduction constitutive equation is formulated by expanding the single-phase lag model using the fractional Taylor’s formula. Combining with the energy balance equation, the derived fractional heat conduction equation has been shown to be capable of modeling diffusion-to-Thermal wave behavior of heat propagation by ...

in this paper, we study the problem of minimizing the ratio of two quadratic functions subject to a quadratic constraint. first we introduce a parametric equivalent of the problem. then a bisection and a generalized newton-based method algorithms are presented to solve it. in order to solve the quadratically constrained quadratic minimization problem within both algorithms, a semidefinite optim...

In this paper, we consider the second-kind Chebyshev polynomials (SKCPs) for the numerical solution of the fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs). Firstly, an introduction of the fractional calculus and properties of the shifted SKCPs are given and then operational matrix of fractional integration is introduced. Next, these properties are used together with the Legendre-Gauss quadrature fo...

This paper deals with the investigation of a closed form solution of a generalized fractional reaction-diffusion equation. The solution of the proposed problem is developed in a compact form in terms of the H-function by the application of direct and inverse Laplace and Fourier transforms. Fractional order moments and the asymptotic expansion of the solution are also obtained.