the ardabil geothermal area is located in the northwest of iran, which hosts several hot springs. it is situated mostly around the sabalan mountain. the sabalan geothermal area is now under investigation for the geothermal electric power generation. it is characterized by its high thermal gradient and high heat flow. in this study, our aim is to determine the fractal parameter and top and botto...

A fractal coder partitions an image into blocks that are coded via self-references to other parts of the image itself. In this paper we present a fractal coder that derives highly image-adaptive partitions and corresponding fractal codes in a time-eecient manner using a region-merging approach. The proposed merging strategy leads to improved rate-distortion performance compared to previously re...

Fractals are geometric shapes and patterns that can describe the roughness (or irregularity) present in almost every object nature. Many fractals may repeat their geometry at smaller or larger scales. This paper is second (and last) part of a series two papers dedicated to an eclectic survey describing infinite complexity amazing beauty from historical, theoretical, mathematical, aesthetical te...

The author proposes an independent and novel approach to image coding, based on a fractal theory of iterated transformations. The main characteristics of this approach are that (i) it relies on the assumption that image redundancy can be efficiently exploited through self-transformability on a block-wise basis, and (ii) it approximates an original image by a fractal image. The author refers to ...

Characterization of a digitized image is often required in nondestructive evaluation. Apart from the existing image processing techniques, a recent method to analyze and quantify complex images has been developed based on the fractal theory. As reported, it is possible to get salient information from any digitized image by evaluating the fractal dimension, the defining characteristic of a fract...

Fractals are geometric or data structures which do not simplify under magnification. Fractal Image Compression is a technique which associates a fractal to an image. On the one hand, the fractal can be described in terms of a few succinct rules, while on the other, the fractal contains much or all of the image information. Since the rules are described with less bits of data than the image, com...

In this paper, the transformation function used in fractal image compression is chosen in such a way that its unique fix point is a close approximation of the input image. Compression occurs because storing the details of the image transform also known as encoding takes up much less space than the original image. Decompression or decoding involves applying the transform repeatedly to an arbitra...

A fractal coder partitions an image into blocks that are coded via self-references to other parts of the image itself. We present a fractal coder that derives highly image-adaptive partitions and corresponding fractal codes in a time-efficient manner using a region-merging approach. The proposed merging strategy leads to improved rate-distortion performance compared to previously reported pure ...

Image retrieval and indexing techniques are important for efficient management of visual database. Many techniques are generally developed based on the associated compression domain. In the fractal domain, a fractal code is a contractive affine mapping that represents a similarity relation between the range block and the domain block in an image. A new algorithm of IFS fractal code for image re...

We show how fractal image coding can be viewed and generalized in terms of the method of projections onto convex sets (POCS). In this approach, the fractal code defines a set of spatial domain similarity constraints. We also show how such a reformulation in terms of POCS allows additional contraints to be imposed during fractal image decoding. Two applications are presented: image construction ...