Conservation of species threatened with imminent extinction may require drastic measures that can be emotionally charged, politically unsavory, and legally challenging. A complex example relates to the decline of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis), endemic to the California Channel Islands, off the coast of the United States. The island fox exists as six subspecies, each found on a separate is...

We investigated theoretically the ground state electronic structure and the onset of molecular fragmentation of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) using density functional theory. The molecular charge density was analyzed via two partition methods: the distributed multipole analysis (DMA) and the deformed atoms in molecules (DAM). In this framework, the push-pull effect, hydrogen intra-mol...

Block ciphers are the very foundation of computer and information security. FOX, also known as IDEA NXT, is a family of block ciphers published in 2004 and is famous for its provable security to cryptanalysis. In this paper, we apply impossible differential cryptanalysis on FOX cipher. We find a 4-round impossible difference, by using which adversaries can attack 5, 6 and 7-round FOX64 with 2, ...

To improve thermal stability and security of energetic materials, the core–shell structured FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene)/F2602 (fluoroelastomer) PBX (polymer bonded explosive) was prepared from recrystallized by a spray drying strategy. The morphology crystal form were retained, mean particle size FOX-7/F2602 apparently reduced 39.72 µm raw to 1.50 µm. SEM, TEM, XPS analysis showed t...