Reproducibility – the ability to recompute results – and replicability – the chances other experimenters will achieve a consistent result – are two foundational characteristics of successful scientific research. Consistent findings from independent investigators are the primary means by which scientific evidence accumulates for or against an hypothesis. And yet, of late there has been a crisis ...

Tait’s method (a.k.a. proof by logical relations) is a powerful proof technique frequently used for showing foundational properties of languages based on typed lambda-calculi. Historically, these proofs have been difficult to formalize in proof assistants with weak meta-logics, such as Twelf. Logical relations are notoriously difficult to define judgmentally. In this paper, we present and discu...

Multi-institutional research and quality improvement (QI) projects using electronic clinical data (ECD) hold great promise for improving quality of care and patient outcomes but typically require significant infrastructure investments both to initiate and maintain the project over its duration. Consequently, it is important for these projects to think holistically about sustainability to ensure...

Disregarding the cultural intelligence which is considered as a foundation in various aspects of human development, can lead students to lead students to develop unevenly. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of cultural intelligence, Islamic Azad University, the East Mazandaran province. The method of this study was a survey and the statistical population of 13,917 person...

Certified code systems enable trust to be generated in untrusted pieces of code. This is done by requiring that a machine–verifiable certificate be packaged with code, which can then be proved safe independently. Safety is defined with respect to a defined safety policy. Recent work has focused on “foundational certified code systems”, which define the safety policy as execution on a concrete m...

anonymous referee for the Journal of Philosophical Logic for their insightful comments on earlier versions of this paper. I also thank Prasanta Bandy-opadhyay, Jim Cain, Francis Jeery Pelletier and Ted Sider for their sugges tions and encouragement, and acknowledge the help of my friend Ramkrish-nan Nambimadom in the construction of a crucial proof. Abstract: This paper is concerned with the co...