introduction: estrogen and progesterone are supposed to modify pain sensitivity. however, the actual role of each of these steroid hormones in this respect is not well known. plasma concentrations of these hormones show variation during estrous cycle. the role of alpha2 receptors in tonic pain has been pointed out. the aim of the present study was to investigate the agonist and antagonist effec...

amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant agent is used as one of the analgesic drugs in different kinds of pain. in the present study the effect of local (subcutaneous) injection of amitriptyline (50 and 100 µg) on the acute and chronic pain using formalin test, was investigated. our data show that local injection of amitriptyline to the paw receiving formalin, causes a decrease in pain in bot...

introduction: neuropathic pain is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus which is caused by impairment in nerve conductivity. the role of flavonoid and polyphenol compounds in treatment of neuropathic pain has been revealed, and extract of onion contains significant amounts of these compounds. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract of onion on dia...

background and objectives: otostegia persica (labiatae) is an endemic plant of iran and is used for its anti-inflammatory properties in folk medicine of sistan and baluchestan province. the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of o. persica different fractions and identification of the natural compounds from the most active fraction. met...

background tea (camellia sinensis) has been utilised, since time immemorial, as a beverage possessing encouraging health benefits. little scientific evidence exists in literature on the effect of this plant on pain. objectives to investigate the antinociceptive activity of iranian green tea extract. materials and methods the hydroalcoholic extract was administered to male wistar rats. formalin ...

introduction: the formalin test is the most accepted chemical test for evaluation of nociception. it requires the injection of an adequate amount of formalin into the surface of the hindpaw. formalin test consists of phase 1 (0-7 min) and phase 2 (15-60) in which the animal shows painful behaviors. these phases are separated with a quiet phase named interphase, in which the nociceptive response...

in this study, the influence of dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists on antinociception induced by bac10fen has been examined in the formalin test. the gaba-b agonist bac10fen induced antinociception in both phases of the formalin test in mice. the dopamine receptor agonists skf 38393 and quinpirole also induced antinociception in both phases of the test. skf 38393 but not quinpirole pote...

introduction: glabrous skin and hairy skin are innervated by different types of noxious fibers. however, the different nociceptive behaviors induced by formalin, a commonly used model of acute inflammatory pain, have not yet been systematically examined in the glabrous and hairy skin. methods: in this study, we compared nociceptive behaviors induced by formalin injections (2%, 4%, and 8%) into ...

introduction: mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) is an endodontic material with different clinical applications e.g. root-end filling, pulp capping and perforation repair.  it has been reported to possess antimicrobial and antifungal activities. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of white mta on formalin-induced hyperalgesia in a rat with inflammatory pain. materials and methods: inf...

objective(s):based on the previous reports, silymarin can suppress nitric oxide, prostaglandin e2 (pge2), leukotrienes, cytokines production, and neutrophils infiltration. regarding the fact that inflammation plays an important role in neuropathic and formalin-induced pain, it was assumed that silymarin could reduce pain. the present study investigates the analgesic effects of silymarin in chem...