Cyclizine (1-benzhydryl-4-methyl-piperazine, CAS 82-92-8, CYC, I), a piperazine derivative, belongs to H1 antihistamine group of drugs that shows such pharmacological properties as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-platelet effects, similar to other H1-receptor antagonists. In this study, two new tolyl and cumene derivatives of I (1-ethyl-4-[(p-isopropylphenyl) (p-tolyl) methyl]-piperaz...

Histamine and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) contribute to the pain perception. The aim of the present study is to clarify the interaction of histamine and CGRP in the perception of inflammatory pain. The effects of a histamine H1 receptor antagonist (pyrilamine, i.p.), an H2 receptor antagonist (ranitidine, i.p.) and a CGRP antagonist (CGRP 8-37, i.t.) on the formalininduced pain was s...

in the present study, the effects of intra-hippocampal microinjections of morphine (an opioid agonist) and naloxone (an opioid antagonist) were investigated in the formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats. orofacial pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin (1 %, 50 μl) in the upper lip region and the time spent of face rubbing was measured in 3-min blocks for 45 min. formalin induc...

The ethanolic extract of Daucus carota seeds (DCE) was investigated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity at the doses [per oral (p.o.)] of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. For evaluation of inflammation carrageenan-, histamineand serotonin-induced paw edema served as acute models and formaldehyde-induced arthritis served as a chronic model in rats. The acetic acid-induced writhing re...

introduction: previously, we demonstrated that i.p. injection of aqueous extract prepared from aerial parts of drosera spatulata (droseraceae) can induced remarkable analgesia in both phases of formalin test in rats. because, analgesia induced in acute phase of formalin test mainly mediated by activation of central analgesic mechanisms and also paragigantocellularis (pgi) nucleus is part of bra...

background: studies have emphasized the effect of trigonella foenum-graecum extract on the reduction of pain and inflammation. objective: in this research we investigated the mechanisms of trigonella foenum-graecum extract in reducing pain and inflammation induced by formalin. methods: male albino mice (weight 20 - 25 g) were evaluated through the injection of 2 microliters of formalin to the p...

In the present study, the effects of intra-hippocampal microinjections of morphine (an opioid agonist) and naloxone (an opioid antagonist) were investigated in the formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats. Orofacial pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin (1 %, 50 μl) in the upper lip region and the time spent of face rubbing was measured in 3-min blocks for 45 min. Formalin induc...

effects of insulin (1, 2 and 3 iu/kg, i.p.), morphine (5mg/kg, i.p.), naloxone (5mg/kg, s.c.), insulin before morphine and after naloxone were studied in the formalin test of mice. formalin test was induced by intraplantar injection of formalin (20m, 5%). morphine alone and insulin with morphine decreased the first phase (0-5 min) of pain. naloxone increased the interphase (6-20 min) of nicicep...

in this study, the effects of subcutaneous (sc) injection of pilocarpine (a cholinomimetic agent) and atropine (a muscarinic receptors antagonist) were investigated on a tonic model of orofacial pain in rats. the contribution of the endogenous analgesic opioid system was assessed using naloxone (an opioid receptors antagonist). tonic orofacial pain was induced by sc injection of a diluted forma...