Grounding is the task of reducing a first order formula to ground formula that is equivalent on a given universe, and is important in many kinds of problem solving and reasoning systems. One method for grounding is based on an extension of the relational algebra, exploiting the fact that grounding over a given domain is similar to query answering. In this paper, we introduce two methods for spe...

Abstract The aim of this paper is to introduce, elucidate and defend the usefulness a variant grounding, or metaphysical explanation, that has feature grounds explain some states affairs one them obtains without explaining which obtains. I will dub arbitrary grounding . After informally elucidating basic idea in first section, provide three hypotheses are best formulated terms second section. t...

We present a simple real-time, real-world grounding framework, and a system which implements it in a simple robot, allowing investigation into different grounding strategies. We put particular focus on the grounding effects of non-linguistic task-related actions. We experiment with a trade-off between the fluidity of the grounding mechanism with the ‘safety’ of ensuring task success. The framew...

Grounding is the task of reducing a first-order theory to an equivalent propositional one. Typical grounders work on a sentence-by-sentence level, substituting variables by domain elements and simplifying where possible. In this work, we propose a method for reasoning on the first-order theory as a whole to optimize the grounding process. Concretely, we develop an algorithm that computes bounds...

We propose that Grounding, the process of achieving mutual understanding between participants in a conversation, be analyzed in terms of the actions performed by the conversants which contribute to achieving this mutual understanding. We propose a set of Grounding Acts which facilitate this analysis. This paper describes Grounding Acts, and a \grammar" stipulating which series of performance of...

A considerable amount of work has been done during the past ten years to develop methods to predict structural response in collision and grounding. The objective of the research is to improve structural design by taking into account accident loads. To achieve the goal, simplified methods must be available to analyze designs in largely varying accident scenarios. The paper assesses to what exten...

Recent interest in the nature of grounding is due in part to the idea that purely modal notions are too coarse-grained to capture what we have in mind when we say that one thing is grounded in another. Grounding not being purely modal in character, however, is compatible with it having modal consequences. Is grounding a necessary relation? In this article I argue that the answer is ‘yes’ in the...

To effectively improve the tire grounding behaviors of wheelchair robots, an analytical method is proposed to analyze and optimize the tire grounding safety. Firstly, taking the cushion and tires as the vibration isolation elements with stiffness and damping, the vertical vibration model of the human-wheelchair robot is established. Then, taking the random excitation as the typical input, the f...

This paper investigates the effect of metallic sheaths on losses and temperature of medium voltage power cables. Two grounding methods of sheaths, including both ends bonding and single point bonding that causes different situations on cable ampacity, are considered. Electrical losses of cables that are main sources of heat are calculated in both conductor and metallic sheath of the cables. She...