springs are the  mechanical parts which have many application in industries. static and dynamic forces cause relaxation in these parts so that they lose some of their free length and reaction force. springs constant are very important in airplane and vailway industry since constant and variable forces are applied to them in period time, therefore it is necessary to avoid decreasing in spring co...

We investigate the problem of determining planar curves that describe ramps where a particle mass \begin{document}$ m $\end{document} moves with constant-speed when is subject to action friction force and whose magnitude id="M2">\begin{document}$ F(r) depends only on distance id="M3">\begin{document}$ r f...

Understanding the nanoscale electrostatic interaction between a conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe and dielectric film is central to operation of various microscopies determination properties film. There no simple analytical description generated in confined probe-sample geometry for neither static nor dynamic AFM modes used measurements. An accurate involved physics obtained only b...

a new method for increasing ldr in deep drawing is application of anti-lock braking system (abs) on blank holder. in this method, instead of applying a constant force on blank and control the metal flow, the abs system holds and releases the blank several times (20 to 50 times) which results increasing ldr. this study investigates the effect of different parameters of abs on improving the condi...