Thyroid carcinoma with distant metastases at initial presentation, is uncommon. Skull metastases occur very rarely, with a reported incidence of 2.5-5.8%. Here we report two cases of follicular thyroid cancer with skull involvement, and describe the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to metastatic thyroid cancer. We present the cases of a 70-year-old female and a 74-year-old female who present...

Enhanced activation of Akt occurs in Cowden's disease, an inherited syndrome of follicular thyroid, breast, colon, and skin tumors, via inactivation of its regulatory protein, PTEN. Whereas PTEN inactivation is uncommon in sporadic thyroid cancer, activation of growth factor pathways that signal through Akt is frequently identified. We hypothesized that Akt overactivation could be a common find...

Enhanced activation of Akt occurs in Cowden’s disease, an inherited syndrome of follicular thyroid, breast, colon, and skin tumors, via inactivation of its regulatory protein, PTEN. Whereas PTEN inactivation is uncommon in sporadic thyroid cancer, activation of growth factor pathways that signal through Akt is frequently identified. We hypothesized that Akt overactivation could be a common find...

Using immunohistochemistry, Fas/Apo-1 protein expression was investigated in thyroid cancers of 67 patients. Thyroid biopsies from twenty eight patients with benign thyroid diseases were also examined. The patients with thyroid cancer manifested a variable histology of the cancer, including 14 patients with follicular carcinoma, 48 with papillary carcinoma, 5 patients with medullary carcinoma. ...

Thyroid is a H-shaped gland localised in front of trachea at the base of the neck, whose main functions are the synthesis, the storage and the secretion of thyroid hormones under the control of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis. Thyroid is comprised of spherical follicles filled with colloid that are lined by cuboidal/flat epithelial cells denoted follicular cells (or thyrocytes). The other hormo...

Well-differentiated papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas are the two most common types of thyroid cancer. Although cancerous cells in both types phenotypically resemble the epithelial follicular cell, the tumors display different histological characteristics and clinical outcomes. Molecular defects contributing to the separate development pathways remain largely unclear. We evaluated gen...

Mutation of the BRAF gene is common in thyroid cancer. Follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is a variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma that has created continuous diagnostic controversies among pathologists. The aims of this study are to (1) investigate whether follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma has a different pattern of BRAF mutation than conventional papillary th...

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in the population, and the incidence of this cancer is increasing at a rapid rate. Although genetic analysis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has identified mutations in a large percentage of patients, the genetic basis of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) is less certain. Thyroid cancer, including both PTC and FTC, has been observed in pati...

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common thyroid cancer (85%). Follicular thyroid carcinoma is the second most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for up to 10% of all thyroid cancers. Medullary thyroid carcinoma accounts for only 5–8% of thyroid cancers. Concurrent medullary, follicular, and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid Received: April 22, 2014 Accepted after rev...