Ground-penetrating radar GPR attenuation-difference analysis can be a useful tool for studying fluid transport in the subsurface. Surface-based reflection attenuation-difference tomography poses a number of challenges that are not faced by crosshole attenuation surveys. We create and analyze a synthetic attenuation-difference GPR data set to determine methods for processing amplitude changes an...

The cognitive reserve hypothesis explains the disparity between clinical and pathological phenotypes and why, in two individuals with the same extent of neuropathology, one may be demented while the other remains cognitively intact. We examined the balance between brain magnetic resonance imaging measures of the two most common pathologies associated with brain ageing, cerebrovascular disease a...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE If magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to compete with computed tomography for evaluation of patients with acute ischemic stroke, there is a need for further improvements in acquisition speed. METHODS Inclusion criteria for this prospective, single institutional study were symptoms of acute ischemic stroke within 24 hours onset, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scal...

BACKGROUND Thymoma is known to cause autoimmune neuromuscular disease. However, anti-glutamate receptor antibody limbic encephalitis (LE) with thymoma is relatively rare. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old woman was admitted with progressive memory impairment and personality change. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high intensity in the bilateral limbic areas on T2-weighted fluid-...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We hypothesize that in comparison to diffusion-weighted imaging, quantitative T2 values (qT2) are more directly related to water uptake in ischemic tissue, depending on time from symptom onset. We measured the increase of qT2 in the infarct core to quantify the correlation between time from symptom onset and change in qT2. METHODS Thirty-six patients with acute ischemic...

The aim of the present study is to develop a submillimeter volumetric (three-dimensional) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence at 7T. Implementation of the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence is difficult as increased T(1) weighting from prolonged T(1) constants at 7T dominate the desired T(2) contrast and yield suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio. Magnetization preparation was us...

Introduction: Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is widely used for its improved conspicuity of long T2 lesions by suppressing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Concerns remain, however, that the IR imparts T1 weighting that can decrease detectability and lead to mischaracterization of some lesions. Frequently both T2 and FLAIR images are acquired in clinical protocols to guard against these ...

Contrast optimization of a three-dimensional (3D) Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence is examined in the context of multiple sclerosis. In order to develop 3D FLAIR for enhanced detection of lesions, an iterative approach based on theoretical considerations was used. The 3D FLAIR sequence was systematically acquired with incremental parameter changes on a single subject with mu...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE T1-weighted spin-echo imaging has been widely used to study anatomic detail and abnormalities of the brain; however, the image contrast of this technique is often poor, especially at low field strengths. We tested a new pulse sequence, T1-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), which provides good contrast between lesions, surrounding edematous tissue, and n...