To assess the role of floodwater in controlling the exchanges of CO2 and CH4 from soil, floodwater and the canopy in intermittently flooded rice paddies, an intensive field campaign (IREX96) was conducted in Japan during August 1996. Eddy covariance was employed to measure fluxes of heat, water vapor and CO2. The flux-gradient method was used to determine CH4 fluxes from measured profiles of CH...

Additional Index Words: rate constant, zero-order reaction, firstorder reaction, submerged soil, available carbon. A theoretical analysis of denitrification occurring in submerged soil in a test tube, when assumed to be a zero-order reaction with available ———————————————————— organic carbon nonlimiting, appears to be a first-order reaction if the __ , , , , c effects of diffusion are neglected...

We modeled surface wetness at high resolution, using a dynamic hydrology model, to predict flood and swamp water mosquito abundances. Historical meteorologic data, as well as topographic, soil, and vegetation data, were used to model surface wetness and identify potential fresh and swamp water breeding habitats in two northern New Jersey watersheds. Surface wetness was positively associated wit...

The tropical storm, floodwater, and the floodplainsediment layer of a 100-year recurrence flood are examined to better understand characteristics of large monsoon floods on medium-sized rivers in northern Thailand. Storms producing large floods in northern Thailand occur early or late in the summer rainy season (May–October). These storms are associated with tropical depressions evolving from t...

PURPOSE: The Interagency Performance Evaluation Task Force (IPET) was created to study the performance of hurricane protection and damage reduction systems and consequences of structural failures, including potential impacts on biological resources, following Hurricane Katrina. This technical note describes the results of an IPET study funded to examine the impact of floodwater pumping on benth...

This article presents a simulator for the modelling of two-way interactions between flooding and people. The links hydrodynamic model to pedestrian in single agent-based platform, Flexible Large-scale Agent Modelling Environment Graphical Processing Unit (FLAMEGPU). Dynamic coupling is achieved by simultaneous update exchange information across multiple agent types. Behavioural rules states age...

A survey after the 2002 flood in Germany identifies contact with floodwater as a risk factor for diarrhea and injuries and shows that the affected population valued the given professional support in securing homes and cleanup work. Evacuations were well tolerated. Information reached the population mainly through loudspeakers, radio, and TV.

flood spreading stations were constructed in iran with different objectives such as groundwater recharge and vegetation recovery. accumulation of sediment can be a major problem in flood spreading stations. according to generally accepted theories, floods and salt pollution can reduce gradually the infiltration rate. in order to investigate this issue, 13 flood spreading stations were selected ...