signals determines optimal flowering time for successful reproduction in seasonal environments (28, 29). Our data demonstrate the importance of the repressors SVP, FLM-b, and FLC, which affect flowering at different but partially overlapping temperature ranges (fig. S19). However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the importance of SVPand FLM-bmaynot extend toArabidopsiswinter annual acces...

In this paper, we first derive some results by using the Gelfand spectrum and spectrum in FLM algebras. Then, the characterizations of multiplicative linear mappings are also discussed in these algebras.

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of constant flickering light on refractive development, the role of serotonin (i.e.5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)and 5-HT2A receptor in myopia induced by flickering light in guinea pigs. METHODS Forty-five guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups: control, form deprivation myopia (FDM) and flickering light induced myopia (FLM) groups(n = 15 for each g...

Evaluation of forest landscape model (FLM) predictions is indispensable to establish the credibility of predictions. We present a framework that evaluates shortand long-term FLM predictions at site and landscape scales. Site-scale evaluation is conducted through comparing raster cell-level predictions with inventory plot data whereas landscape-scale evaluation is conducted through comparing pre...

We consider three Lie algebras: Der C((t)), the Lie algebra of all derivations on the algebra C((t)) of formal Laurent series; the Lie algebra of all differential operators on C((t)); and the Lie algebra of all differential operators on C((t)) ⊗ Cn. We prove that each of these Lie algebras has an essentially unique nontrivial central extension. The Lie algebra of all derivations on the Laurent ...

The Factored Language Model (FLM) is a flexible framework for incorporating various information sources, such as morphology and part-of-speech, into language modeling. FLMs have so far been successfully applied to tasks such as speech recognition and machine translation; it has the potential to be used in a wide variety of problems in estimating probability tables from sparse data. This tutoria...

One week oral flurazepam (FZP) administration in rats results in anticonvulsant tolerance in vivo, tolerance measured in vitro in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells, and regulation of hippocampal gamma-aminobutyric acid(A)-receptor subunit protein expression. A single injection (4 or 20 mg/kg i.p) of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (FLM) was given 1 day after FZP treatment, and tolerance ...

BACKGROUND The TDx Fetal Lung Maturity II (FLM II) assay uses amniotic fluid to assess lung maturity of the unborn infant. We investigated common preanalytical factors that influence FLM results, including centrifugation, sample storage, and contamination by whole blood. METHODS We tested 18 specimens after centrifugation and after resuspension by vortex-mixing. We also analyzed 23 specimens ...

Plants enter their reproductive phase when the environmental conditions are favourable for the successful production of progeny. The transition from vegetative to reproductive phase is influenced by several environmental factors including ambient temperature. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) is critical for this pathway; svp mutants cannot modify their flowe...

The lamellar body count (LBC) represents an alternative method to the TDx-FLM II (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL), which is planned to be discontinued, for assessing fetal lung maturity. Our objective was to validate the LBC on 3 hematology analyzers (Coulter LH 750 and Coulter Ac.T diff2, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA; and Sysmex XE-2100, Sysmex, Mundelein, IL) to serve as a template for oth...