in this paper, an intelligent control strategy based on combination of the “flatness based control technique” and the “perturbation and observation (p&o;) mppt algorithm” is developed and investigated to control a hybrid electric energy source (heps). this ehps is composed of a fuel cell system (fc) and a solar panel (sp), as the main source and a supercapacitor bank (sc), as the auxiliary sour...

Our paper, ‘Human Geography without Scale’ (Marston et al. 2005), is developed in two parts: a critique that is immanent to scale, where we show that, even on the grounds of contemporary spatial theory, the concept is deficient; and a critique that is extrinsic to those grounds, where we make a contribution to an alternative ontology that does not rely on the transcendental abstraction of scale...

The dual flatness for Riemannian metrics in information geometry has been extended to Finsler metrics. The aim of this paper is to study the dual flatness of the so-called (α, β)-metrics in Finsler geometry. By doing some special deformations, we will show that the dual flatness of an (α, β)-metric always arises from that of some Riemannian metric in dimensional n ≥ 3.

PURPOSE To compare the sensitivity of flatness based energy metrics versus an attenuation based metric (percent depth dose) as a function of energy changes from the linac's nominal clinical energy. METHODS Energy changes were accomplished by adjusting the bending magnet current (BMI) ±15% away from the value used clinically. Two metrics for flatness, relative flatness in the central 80% of th...

We present a novel method for desiging multiwavelength pumped fiber Raman amplifiers with optimal gain-flatness and gain-bandwidth performance. We show that by solving the inverse amplifier design problem, relative gain flatness well below 1% can be achieved over bandwidths of up to 12 THz without any gain equalization devices. This constitutes a substantial improvement in gain flatness compare...

Abstract In this chapter, we will prove that the regular part of free boundary Reg ( ∂ Ω u ) (defined in Sect. 6.4 is C 1, α regular, for every ∈ (0, 1∕2).

This work describes the replacement of Tissue Phantom Ratio (TPR) measurements with beam profile flatness measurements to determine photon beam quality during routine quality assurance (QA) measurements. To achieve this, a relationship was derived between the existing TPR15/5 energy metric and beam flatness, to provide baseline values and clinically relevant tolerances. The beam quality was var...

this paper works on the concept of flatness and its practical application for the design of an optimal transient controller in a synchronous machine. the feedback linearization scheme of interest requires the generation of a flat output from which the feedback control law can easily be designed. thus the computation of the flat output for reduced order model of the synchronous machine with simp...

The geometry of natural branching systems generally reflects functional optimization. A common property is that their bifurcations are planar and that daughter segments do not turn back in the direction of the parent segment. The present study investigates whether this also applies to bifurcations in 3D dendritic arborizations. This question was earlier addressed in a first study of flatness of...