Abstract It is well known that accumulated changes in microbiota composition over several decades have contributed to an increase non-communicable chronic diseases. While much effort has been devoted toward achieving a consensus on the microbes, and their products, driving this increase, inconsistent results suggest more research required understand disparity observed outcomes. Previous work fr...

Three promoters have been identified as having potentially important regulatory roles in governing expression of the fla/che operon and of sigD, a gene that lies near the 3' end of the operon. Two of these promoters, fla/che P(A) and P(D-3), lie upstream of the >26-kb fla/che operon. The third promoter, P(sigD), lies within the operon, immediately upstream of sigD. fla/che P(A), transcribed by ...

In B. subtilis swarming and robust swimming motility require the positive trigger of SwrA on fla/che operon expression. Despite having an essential and specific activity, how SwrA executes this task has remained elusive thus far. We demonstrate here that SwrA acts at the main σ(A)-dependent fla/che promoter PA(fla/che) through DegU. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) reveal that SwrA ...

Background. Frontal lobe atrophy (FLA) is associated with late life depression. However, the role that FLA plays in the development of depression after stroke (DAS) remains unknown. This study thus examined the association between FLA and DAS. Methods. A convenience sample of 705 Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the acute stroke unit of a university-affiliated regional ho...

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are parasites within both humans and animals causing a wide range of symptoms and act as hosts of, and vehicles for phylogenetically diverse microorganisms, called endocytobionts. The interaction of the FLA with sympatric microorganisms leads to an exceptional diversity within FLA. Some of these bacteria, viruses, and even eukaryotes, can live and replicate intracellul...

The heat-stable toxin (ST) produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains causes diarrhoea by altering the fluid secretion in intestinal epithelial cells. Here, the effectiveness of a flagellin fusion protein of Salmonella containing a 19-amino-acid sequence derived from the ST sequence (FLA--ST) in generating antibodies capable of neutralizing the toxic activity of ST was evaluated. This...

This study investigated the effects of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) and flavomycin (FLA) on the performance and immune function of broiler chickens. A total of 150 ArborAcres broilers were randomly divided into three groups and fed for six weeks from one day of age in cascade cages. The diets of each test group were (1) a basal diet, (2) the basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg FLA, and (3) the b...