Understanding the effects of predators and resources on primary producers has been a major focus of interest in ecology. Within this context, the trophic cascade concept especially concerning the pelagic zone of lakes has been the focus of the majority of these studies. However, littoral food webs could be especially interesting because base trophic levels may be strongly regulated by consumers...

OBJECTIVE Fish consumption advisories are issued to warn the public of possible toxicological threats from consuming certain fish species. Although developing fetuses and children are particularly susceptible to toxicants in fish, fish also contain valuable nutrients. Hence, formulating advice for sensitive populations poses challenges. We conducted a comparative analysis of advisory Web sites ...

Epidemiologic studies based on quantitative estimation of food and nutrient intake have been limited in Japan. We evaluated validity and reproducibility of a personal computer (PC)-assisted dietary interview used in the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study. The subjects were 28 participants as controls in a population-based case-control study. Four 7-day diet records were kept during a period from J...

OBJECTIVE Development of a data-based short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for evaluating intake of nutrients by middle-aged Japanese. METHODS Of 102 foods listed in the formerly developed semi-quantitative FFQ, foods having similar nutrient contents were combined into 72 foods/food groups by research dietitians. Nutrient contents were computed by multiplying the weight of foods consumed ...

An experimental study was conducted uslng large enclosures to examine the effects of nutrients, presence of planktivorous fish, and depth of the water colun~n on the components of the microbial food web. Enclosures (8 m in diameter) were installed, open to the sediments, at both 3.5 and 11 nl depths in Lac Croche, a small oligotrophic lake on the Canadian Shield The abundance of protozoans, inc...

Fish rolls are a popular value-added, fish based, ready-to-eat food snack sold in Lagos, South west Nigeria. The study was carried out to determine nutritional composition of commercially fish rolls available in some parts of Lagos metropolis. Six brands of fish rolls were collected and analyzed for proximate composition and energy values with a view to evaluate their levels of nutrients. The n...

Fish and shellfish are widely available foods that provide important nutrients, particularly n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), to many populations globally. These nutrients, especially docosahexaenoic acid, confer benefits to brain and visual system development in infants and reduce risks of certain forms of heart disease in adults. However, fish and shellfish can also be a major sou...

Salt marsh ecosystems have been considered not susceptible to nitrogen overloading because early studies suggested that salt marshes adsorbed excess nutrients in plant growth. However, the possible effect of nutrient loading on species composition, and the combined effects of nutrients and altered species composition on structure and function, was largely ignored. Failure to understand interact...

BACKGROUND Food-based dietary guidelines often recommend increased consumption of fish and reduced intake of red and processed meat. However, little is known about how changing the main protein source from red meat to fish may influence the choice of side dishes. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether side dish choices differed between red meat and fish dinners. Moreover, to compare intakes of macr...

Increasing human population and reliance on aquaculture for seafood will lead to expansion of the industry in the open ocean. To guide environmentally sustainable expansion, coastal stakeholders require tools to evaluate the risks that marine aquaculture poses and to craft science-based policies and practices which safeguard marine ecosystems. We summarized current knowledge regarding dissolved...