This paper demonstrates that financial transmission rights allow their owners to capture at least a portion, and sometimes all, of the congestion rents. This extends work in this area by Shmuel Oren which was limited to the case in which generators could not purchase financial transmission rights. One form of financial rights, Transmission Congestion Contracts (TCCs), is shown to be so effectiv...

Many restructured electric power systems use the notion of locational marginal pricing (LMP) to optimally price network congestion. In order for market participants to hedge against volatile congestion costs, as well as to spur investments, market-makers in restructured power systems offer point-to-point financial transmission rights (FTRs), whose per-unit value is defined as the difference in ...

Introduction Financial transmission rights are essential ingredients of efficient markets in wholesale electricity systems operating under the principles of open access and non‐discrimination. A central feature is the revenue adequacy of financial transmission rights to provide full funding and the associated transmission hedges that link transactions between different locations. As summarized ...

One of the main concerns with the introduction of competition in the power sector is the strategic behaviour of market participants. Computable models of strategic behaviour are becoming increasingly important to understand the complexities of competition. Such models can help analyze market designs and regulatory policies. In this thesis, further developments on the modelling and analysis of s...

BACKGROUND Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) with structurally normal valve is of poorly defined mechanisms. Prevalence and clinical context of idiopathic FTR (Id-FTR) (without overt TR cause) are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate prevalence, clinical context, and mechanisms specific to FTR types, Id-FTR versus pulmonary hypertension-related (PHTN-FTR, systolic pulmonary pres...

IMPORTANCE Failure to rescue (FTR), the mortality rate among surgical patients with complications, is an emerging quality indicator. Hospitals with a high safety-net burden, defined as the proportion of patients covered by Medicaid or uninsured, provide a disproportionate share of medical care to vulnerable populations. Given the financial strains on hospitals with a high safety-net burden, ava...

Formal technical review (FTR) is an essential component of all modern software quality assessment,assurance, and improvement techniques, and is acknowledged to be the most cost-effective form of quality improvement when practiced effectively. However, traditional FTR methods such as inspection are very difficult to adopt in organizations: they introduce substantial new up-front costs, training,...

Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is characterized by structurally normal leaflets and is due to the deformation of the valvulo-ventricular complex. While mild FTR is frequent and usually benign, patients with severe FTR may develop progressive ventricular dysfunction and incur increased mortality. Therefore, FTR should not be ignored, should be appropriately diagnosed and quantified by ...

Research Summary Using a sample of 205,792 individuals in 70 countries with 39 languages, this paper presents novel empirical evidence for how language's future time reference, defined as the requirement that speakers mark future, affects speaker's likelihood engaging social entrepreneurship. FTR subtly shapes temporal orientation, such speaking futured language (i.e., strong FTR) favors short-...