Financial crime has significantly increased in the modern era. Technology advances have made possible instant electronic telecommunications among users through the development of high speed computer networks. Criminals take advantage of the anonymity offered by computer networks and cast their nets with alluring bait to attract inexperienced victims. In this study various disinformation methods...

Unsolicited emails, popularly referred to as spam, have remained one of the biggest threats cybersecurity globally. More than half emails sent in 2021 were resulting huge financial losses. The tenacity and perpetual presence adversary, spammer, has necessitated need for improved efforts at filtering spam. This study, therefore, developed baseline models random forest extreme gradient boost (XGB...

Email spam or junk e-mail (unwanted e-mail “usually of a commercial nature sent out in bulk”) is one of the major issue of the today's Internet, that cause financial damage to companies and annoying individual users. Among the approaches developed to stop spam, filtering is an important and popular one. Common uses for mail filters include organizing incoming email and removal of spam and compu...

A novel method of efficient spam mail classification using clustering techniques is presented in this research paper. E-mail spam is one of the major problems of the today’s internet, bringing financial damage to companies and annoying individual users. Among the approaches developed to stop spam, filtering is an important and popular one. A new spam detection technique using the text clusterin...

Computer criminals regularly construct large distributed attack networks comprised of many thousands of compromised computers around the globe. Once constituted, these attack networks are used to perform computer crimes, creating yet other sets of victims of secondary computer crimes, such as denial of service attacks, spam delivery, theft of personal and financial information for performing fr...

F ake websites are fictional, misrepresentative sites posing as legitimate providers of information, goods, or services used to garner illegitimate revenues by deceiving search engines or exploiting unsuspecting Internet users. Fraudsters have created several types of fake websites,1 including web spam, concocted, and spoof sites, as Figure 1 shows. Web spam sites attempt to deceive search engi...

there are strong relationship and common neural mechanism between working memory, short term storage, executive attention and fluid intelligence.  therefore we can consider these constructs as integrated construct as fluid cognition. to verify this claim, we implemented forward and backward digit and letter spam, visual memory spam. counting spam, stroop, wisconsin card, keep track and cattle i...

Online consumer reviews reflect the testimonials of real people, unlike advertisements. As such, they have critical impact on potential consumers, and indirectly on businesses. According to a Harvard study (Luca 2011), +1 rise in star-rating increases revenue by 5–9%. Problematically, such financial incentives have created a market for spammers to fabricate reviews, to unjustly promote or demot...

The rapidly growing commercial interest in Linked Data raises the prospect of “Linked Data spam”, which we define as “deliberately misleading information (data and links) published as Linked Data, with the goal of creating financial gain for the publisher”. Compared to conventional technologies affected by spamming, e.g. email and blogs, spammers targeting Linked Data may not be able to push in...