Present work investigates the effect of upflow velocity on both biological removal efficiency and physicochemical characteristics of the effluent in a laboratory scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating synthetic municipal wastewater. For this purpose, upflow velocities of 1.2 m/h, 0.6 m/h and 1.2 m/h were applied in four successive stages over a total operation period of 1...

Human leukocytes were separated by density into two fractions, one containing predominantly granulocytes (FI) and the other, lymphocytes and monocytes (FII). The filterability of these fractions and their mixture was determined from the pressure measured during constant flow through 5-microns Nuclepore filters. The pressure-time curve of FI indicates the behavior of a relatively homogeneous cel...

Erythrocyte deformability was studied in a total of 83 poorly controlled diabetics (mean blood glucose 12.2 mmol/l) who were divided into three groups, each with matched healthy controls. There was no appreciable difference between diabetics and matched controls regarding the filtration of erythrocytes through 3 micron diameter straight channel pores (25 diabetics) or tortuous channel pores (28...

Effects of oxidative stress on intact human erythrocytes were investigated using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP). Exposure of erythrocytes to tBHP caused a marked decrease in filterability in a time-dependent manner. Erythrocytes exposed to tBHP also show an increase in mean corpuscular volume and a remarkable formation of methemoglobin (met-Hb) without any appearance of hemichromes that form H...

Four B16 melanoma cell variants were investigated to determine if there exists a correlation between their deformability and their metastatic potential. Cell deformability was measured as the percentage of cells traversing 10-mum diameter Nuclepore filter membranes at constant pressure as a function of time. A method was devised to circumvent common problems encountered in cell filtration exper...

A coagulation–microfiltration (MF) system has the potential to remove natural organic matter and mitigate membrane fouling. The effect of flocculation conditions on MF performance was investigated using three membrane modules including stirred cell, dead-end MF, and submerged MF. The experimental results were analysed in terms of filterability, particle size, and floc structure as represented b...

Marked differences were noted among 14 antibiotics in their filterability through collodion (nitrated cellulose) membranes. The findings could not be attributed to differences in molecular weight or degree of serum protein binding, although the latter factor imposed an additional restraint on the passage of certain agents. Poorly filtered antibiotics appeared to be absorbed by the collodion. So...