In 3 experiments rats experienced 2 flavors, each paired with sucrose, in order to establish a conditioned preference to each. One (flavor Fe) was then presented alone (an extinction procedure) prior to a choice test between Fe and the flavor that did not undergo extinction (Fne). Hungry rats showed a preference for Fne over Fe (Experiment 1A), but rats that were not food-deprived showed no eff...

While the consolidation of declarative memory is supported by slow wave sleep (SWS) in healthy subjects, it has been shown to be associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in patients with insomnia. Sleep during a subject's first night in an unfamiliar environment is often disturbed, and this so-called first-night effect (FNE) has often been used as a model of transient insomnia. Additional...

Our visual system is plastic and adaptive in response to the stimuli and environments we experience. Although visual adaptation and plasticity have been extensively studied while participants are awake, little is known about what happens while they are asleep. It has been documented that sleep structure as measured by sleep stages using polysomnography is altered specifically in the first sleep...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate for the first night effect (FNE) in a group of young children with autism. DESIGN Analysis of polysomnographic data from a 2-night sleep laboratory study. SETTING Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS 15 children (aged 2-10 years) with a diagnosis of an ASD. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Polysomnograp...

The hematopoietic system plays a crucial role in immune defense response and normal development, it is regulated by various factors from other tissues. dysregulation of hematopoiesis associated with melanotic mass formation; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Here, we observed that overexpression miR-274 fat body resulted formation masses. Moreover,...

A 63-year-old man presented with a history of recurrent epistaxis. Past medical history included hypertension, diabetes mellitus and nasal polyposis. He was otherwise asymptomatic. On presentation, fibreoptic nasendoscopy to visualize a source for his nasal bleeding, identified coincidental asymmetrical nodular soft tissue swellings in the left and right tongue base (Figure 1) and a left middle...

We examined the relation of overt and relational victimization to depressive symptoms, fear of negative evaluation (FNE), social avoidance, and loneliness in a sample of Hispanic and African-American children. The Social Experience Questionnaire, Children’s Depression Inventory, Social Anxiety Scale for Children— Revised, and Asher Loneliness Scale were administered to 190 children in the fifth...

BACKGROUND The prognostic value of evoked potentials (EPs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been fully established. The correlations between the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) at First Neurological Evaluation (FNE) and the duration of the disease, as well as between EDSS and EPs, have influenced the outcome of most previous studies. To overcome this confounding relations, we propose ...

We often experience troubled sleep in a novel environment [1]. This is called the first-night effect (FNE) in human sleep research and has been regarded as a typical sleep disturbance [2-4]. Here, we show that the FNE is a manifestation of one hemisphere being more vigilant than the other as a night watch to monitor unfamiliar surroundings during sleep [5, 6]. Using advanced neuroimaging techni...

People with stress and anxiety about response time (RT) management experience difficulties in talking others online, causing situational communication apprehension a fear of negative evaluation (FNE). Reducing RT will provide them ease talk. In this paper, to reduce management, we propose system involving teleoperated avatar agent its supporting interactive responses adaptive variations for vid...