The use of small fi elds in radiotherapy techniques has increased substantially, in particular in stereotactic treatments and large uniform or nonuniform fi elds that are composed of small fi elds, such as for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). This clinical perspective will focus on an experimental evaluation of the dose calculation accuracy of the anisotropic analytical algorithm (...

introduction : the  rapid development  of wireless telecommunication technologies  over the past decades, has led to significant changes in the exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fi elds. nowadays, people are continuously exposed to different sources of electromagnetic fi elds such as mobile phones, mobile base stations, cordless phones, wi-fi routers, and power lines. therefore,...

A primordial black hole (PBH) is thought to be made of the regular matter or ordinary mass ($M$) only, and hence could have already been decayed due Hawking radiation if its initial were $\ensuremath{\lesssim}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kg}$. Here, we study role a gravitomagnetic monopole for evaporation PBHs, propose that lower-energy PBHs (equivalent $M...

The evidences of the harmful effects of skin exposure to excessive UltraViolet (UV) radiation, primarily on the development of skin cancer, have increased over the last decade. Therefore, national and international health authorities have encouraged the public to take protective sunscreens, and respectively also everyday cosmetics containing UV fi lters. In these products, a mixture of the UV f...

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major inducer of skin aging and accumulated exposure to UV radiation increases DNA damage in skin cells, including dermal fi broblasts. In the present study, we developed a novel DNA repair regulating material discovery (DREAM) system for the high-throughput screening and identifi cation of putative materials regulating DNA repair in skin cells. First, we establi...

1 of 2 DESCRIPTION Intracardiac tumours move both with breathing and with the cardiac cycle; they therefore pose unique problems for radiotherapy delivery. Conventional radiotherapy must encompass the tumour with a margin to account for this motion, and the prescription is limited by myocardial radiation tolerance. The greater accuracy of radiosurgery allows higher radiation-dose deposition, wi...

Mobile phones and Wi-Fi radiofrequency radiation are among the main sources of the exposure of the general population to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). Previous studies have shown that exposure of microorganisms to RF-EMFs can be associated with a wide spectrum of changes ranged from the modified bacterial growth to the alterations of the pattern of antibiotic resistance. Our l...

BACKGROUND The use of devices emitted microwave radiation such as mobile phones, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) routers, etc. is increased rapidly. It has caused a great concern; the researchers should identify its effects on people's health. We evaluated the protective role of Vitamin C on the metabolic and enzymatic activities of the liver after exposure to Wi-Fi routers. MATERIAL AND METHODS 70...

The obstetric urogenital fi stula has caused women misery ever since they fi rst started delivering children. It was once common worldwide, but with the advent of safe obstetric care during the early part of the last century, the condition has become rare in rich countries. Urogenital fi stulae do still occur in developed countries, but unlike in the developing world, they are usually a complic...

Background Due to the advancement of technology and communication, mobile and Wi-Fi have become as an integral part of human life, particularly young population. Thus, a review of EM wave’s effects on the reproductive health has become one of the critical matters of researches in medical field. The accession of using Wi-Fi around the world now has made it possible that about 450 million family ...