In a hierarchical structure, a user in a security class has access to information items of security classes of lower levels, but not of upper levels. Based upon cryptographic techniques, several schemes have been proposed for solving the problem of access control in hierarchal structures, which are based on only one cryptographic assumption. In this paper, we propose a scheme for access control...

background: when people maintain positive attitudes during life, their beliefs orientation will be highly beneficial to their health. in other words, those who have optimistic expectations report better physical health which is the result of their better psychological compatibility. the present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior...

abstract: new approaches to strategy have accepted strategic thinking as a complement or even an alternative for strategic planning. indeed, strategic thinking capability has been recognized as a characteristic of successful top managers in organizations. moreover, the extant literature emphasizes the fact that top level managers can be taught to think strategically. however, there is no compre...

background: enhancing nursing students’ critical thinking is a challenge faced by nurse educators. this study aimed at determiningthe effect of clinical concept mapping on discipline-based critical thinking of nursing students. materials and methods: in this quasi-experimental post-test only design, a convenient sample of 4th year nursing students (n = 32)participated. they were randomly divide...

background: philosophical thinking is an activity that focuses on the mind, sensitivity, understanding and links between them. managers with philosophical thinking are able to make decisions for the entire organization. they make fewer errors and provide a balance between manpower and organization maintenance. such abilities can be influenced by demographic characteristics of the managers. the ...

conclusions the project succeeded in using focus group data from academics to inform software development while at the same time retaining the benefits of broader philosophical dimensions of critical thinking. materials and methods critiique is flexible, authorable software that guides students step-by-step through critical appraisal of research papers. the spelling of critiique was deliberate,...

The Jamaican gorgonians Pseudopterogcrgia acerosa (Pallas) and P. americana (Gmelin) exhibit whole colony flexibility in regions of moderate to high water movement, Juvenile colonies were tested under laboratory conditions to delineate the functional consequences of fexibility. Comparison of the drag forces exerted on flexible and arS~cially stiffened colonies in different flows to the forces r...