Background: 79% of the pregnant women suffer from sleep disorders. These disorders are the result of physiological, hormonal, physical changes, that occur in pregnancy due to different causes including fetal sex and maternal blood group. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between fetal sex and maternal blood group with sleep disorders during pregnancy in the second and third trimeste...

Fetal sex plays an important role in modifying the course and complications related to pregnancy and may also have an impact on maternal health and well-being both during and after pregnancy. The goal of this article is to review and summarize the findings from published research on physiologic and pathologic changes that may be affected by fetal sex and the effect of these changes on the mater...

Alarm over the prospect that prenatal diagnostic techniques, which permit identification of fetal sex and facilitate abortion of healthy but unwanted female fetuses has led some to urge their outright prohibition. This article argues against that response. Prenatal diagnosis permits timely action to preserve and enhance the life and health of fetuses otherwise endangered, and, by offering assur...

Sexing of an individual by skeletal remains can be well established by using pelvis in adults especially on fused bones only. Forensic fetal Osteology is the field which needs to be explored for sex determination. The 34 pairs of Fetal pelvis bones (>22 weeks and <22 weeks of gestation) in different stages of decomposition were studied for morphognostic parameters i.e. Genove's composite arch a...

BACKGROUND Fetal sex and maternal age are each known to affect outcomes of pregnancies. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the combination of maternal age and fetal sex on pregnancy outcomes in term and post-term singleton pregnancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective study on term singleton pregnancies delivered between 2004 and 2008 at the Ch...

In many farm animal species, the preference of a specific sex is obvious mainly due to commercial implications; so for comprehensive and efficient results in the livestock management plans specially breedingand selection programs, it is necessary to include acost-effective and reliable strategy for early determination of fetal sex. Several invasive and non-invasive approaches have been establis...

objective(s):to determine the fetal discernment in suspected cases of sex linked recessive disease in the first trimester of pregnancy. materials and methods: after collection of 100 chorionic villi samples, the dnas were extracted and baby gender was determined. meanwhile, after increasing the sensitivity, the system was able to detect the sex of each cell which was obtained by biopsy. results...

Experiments in animals leave no doubt that androgens, including testosterone, produced by the testes in fetal and/or neonatal life act on the brain to induce sex differences in neural structure and function. In this article, we argue that prenatal and neonatal testosterone exposure are strong candidates for having a causal role in sexual dimorphism in human behaviour, including social development.

Background: Fetal sex determination is useful for families at risk of X-linked disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, adrenal hypoplasia, hemophilia. At first, this could be obtained through invasive procedures such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, having a 1% risk of miscarriage. Since the discovery of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma, noninvasive prenata...