Carnitine has vital roles in the endogenous metabolism of short chain fatty acids. It can protect and support gut microbial species, and some dietary fibers can reduce the available iron involved in the bioactivity of carnitine. There is also an antagonistic relationship between high microbial populations and carnitine bioavailability. This review shows the interactions between carnitine and gu...

the objective of this study was to determine the effects of diets having different fermentability on blood gases, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation parameters in holstein dairy cows. four multiparous holstein dairy cows (665 ± 25 kg bw, 170 ± 7.0 dim and 15±1.5 kg of milk yield), fitted with rumen cannulae, were used in a 4×4 latin square design with 28-d periods. corn starch and sucro...

The aim of this study was to determine possible differences between first cut and second cut forage of Birjand ecotype of Kochia scoparia for chemical composition and fermentability, and to evaluate the changes may be induced by N fertilization in chemical composition, fermentability, and utilizable crude protein (uCP) supply at the duodenum of dairy cows of Sabzevar ecotype of Kochia....

High thermotolerance is an important property of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for stable and efficient bioethanol production, especially large-scale production with weak heat transfer the simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) lignocellulosic biomass at high temperatures (above 40 °C). Despite extensive studies involving metabolic engineering chemical mutagenesis, improvement in S. under ...

In a dry grind ethanol plant, approximately 0.84kg of dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) is produced per liter of ethanol. The distillers' grains contain the unhydrolyzed and unprocessed cellulosic fraction of corn kernels, which could be further converted to ethanol or other valuable bioproducts by applying cellulose conversion technology. Its compositional variability is one of the...

Use of wheat (Triticum aestivum) flour milling coproducts (WFM) in pig diets may ameliorate high feed cost. However, digestibility of WFM is lower than feed grains, and limited information exists about their fermentation characteristics. In vitro degradation and fermentation characteristics of 6 WFM samples (2 Shorts, 2 Millrun, middlings, and bran) with varying fiber and protein contents were ...