In the White House, among journalists, and for many political practitioners, the idea of a major “political realignment” that might dramatically reshape the face of American politics remains as tantalizing as ever. But among historians and political scientists, no one needs a weatherman to tell which way the wind is blowing. The long-venerated “realignment” approach to election analysis develop...

‎In this paper‎, ‎firstly‎, ‎we review approximation of fuzzy functions‎ ‎by fuzzy bicubic splines interpolation and present a new approach‎ ‎based on the two-dimensional fuzzy splines interpolation and‎ ‎iterative method to approximate the solution of two-dimensional‎ ‎linear fuzzy Fredholm integral equation (2DLFFIE)‎. ‎Also‎, ‎we prove‎ ‎convergence analysis and numerical stability analysis ...