This article discusses the implementation of development policies in pastoral areas of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) since the reforms of the 1980s. It analyses why certain kinds of interventions particularly fencing have been introduced. The rhetoric and reality of markets, technology, degradation and land tenure in the reform era are put into ecological, historical and cultural perspectiv...

This study investigated trespassing accidents, trespassing and related countermeasures to provide information for prevention of trespassing accidents on Finnish railways. The study includes five complementary substudies, of which two included accident analyses and three collected information on railway trespassing by means of surveys, interviews and field observations. The main results showed, ...

The installation of fences to protect agricultural products, natural resources, or other areas from deer (Odocoileus spp.) can be expensive and potential benefits of fencing are difficult to quantify. A rational method is needed to help evaluate whether fencing can be cost-effective and which fence designs will be optimal for particular applications. We describe an interactive, dynamic simulati...

Barbed and woven wire fences, common structures across western North America, act as impediments to wildlife movements. In particular, fencing influences pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) daily and seasonal movements, as well as modifying habitat selection. Because of fencing's impacts to pronghorn and other wildlife, it is a potentially important factor in both wildlife movement and habitat se...

Conventional approaches to image de-fencing suffer from non-robust fence detection and are limited to processing images of static scenes. In this position paper, we propose an automatic de-fencing algorithm for images of dynamic scenes. We divide the problem of image de-fencing into the tasks of automated fence detection, motion estimation and fusion of data from multiple frames of a captured v...

We introduce a novel image defencing method suitable for consumer photography, where plausible results must be achieved under common camera settings. First, detection of lattices with see-through texels is performed in an iterative process using online learning and classification from intermediate results to aid subsequent detection. Then, segmentation of the foreground is performed using accum...

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