early life events influence life-long patterns of emotionality and stress responsiveness and alter the rate of brain and body aging.  much research attention has focused on the programming effects of the hypothalamus pituitary axis (hpa) in early life and on understanding hpa function in response to stressors in adulthood. in comparison, there has been relatively little research on adolescence,...

Background & aim: Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common problems in women which negatively affect their quality of life, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships. The prevalence of this problem varies in different studies. Regarding this, this review was conducted to provide a clear picture of the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among reproductive-age women in Iran using a systemati...

Despite a decline infertility, an increase in contraceptive prevalence, and a wide expansion of family planning programs in Iran and Turkey, a large proportion of "birth limiters" rely on withdrawal to avoid pregnancy. Adopting a comparative approach, this study draws on data from the 2000 Iran DHS and 2003 Turkey DHS to examine the determinants of the practice of withdrawal among birth limiter...

The thyroid dysfunction, which is quite prevalent in the population, affects many organs including male and female gonads, thus interfering with the human reproductive physiology. Prolactin has suppressive effect on the pituitary –ovarian axis and may result in amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea due to anovulatory cycles. Hyperprolactinemia is a common problem in reproductive dysfunction, affecting a...

This review briefly highlights previous studies on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its approaches to improving fish reproduction in aquaculture industry. Reproductive system dysfunction of captive is main problem that has be treated depending compatibility species. caused by non-synchronized maturation female male broodstock, low quality broodstock. As shown studies, induced breed...

aim: sexual function is influenced by different individual and environmental factors. female sexual dysfunction (fsd) can lead to serious conditions for women and their family. the present study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors for fsd, in kashan, iran.methods: in this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 200 women refering to educational gynecology clinics and meetin...

background: female sexual dysfunction (fsd) is a real problem that affects 25-63% of women. there is no valid persian version of sexual function questionnaire (fsq). objectives: the aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of persian version of sexual function questionnaire. materials and methods: in this cross-sectional study, 547 women were questioned by persian version of s...