Background Leptin, as a key hormone in energy homeostasis, plays an important role in reproduction and male fertility. However, its negative or positive effect on sperm quality and assisted reproduction technique is still controversial. The aim of this study was the comparison of seminal leptin concentration in selected couples with male and female factor for intracytoplasmic microinjection (IC...

Background Infertility is defined as failure in pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse. Several centers have reported different causes of infertility. The most common causes of infertility are: male factor such as sperm disturbance, female factor such as ovulation dysfunction and tubal factor, both male and female factor, and unexplained infertility .The aim of this study was to su...

a valid questionnaire is a precursor to a sound measurement process. this study examined the psychometric properties of the persian version of the revised competitive state anxiety inventory – 2 (csai-2r). a total of 131 female taekwondo athletes (mean age =12.37 ± 2.52) from damghan completed csai-2r at competition venues. confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the structure of csai-...