Keratinolytic abilities of Bacillus polymyxa B20 and B. cereus B5esz were evaluated in liquid cultures in mineral media containing chicken feathers. Both tested strains were capable of effective liquefying and biodegradation of feather keratin, up to 56.5 – 72.1% in ten-day cultures, releasing considerable amounts of hydrolysis products. Tested bacteria were mesophilic species, producing highes...

Chemical phosphorylation of hydrolysate resulting from hydrothermal carbonization chicken feather waste was performed to enhance the amino acids and reduce metal ions content. The aim this research is improve functional properties feathers without impairing nutritional availability thereof with cheapest chemical method by phosphorylation. Phosphorylated can function as animal feed fertilizer. o...

A method was devised to construct stable and steep chemical gradients in slide cultures to study the movements of gliding cells. The movement of Myxococcus xanthus individual cells and small swarms was studied in these gradients. There was no response to gradients of Casitone and yeast extract that were previously reported to stimulate a positive chemotactic response with M. xanthus.

Both stocking rate and housing systems are main factors influencing the occurrence of feather pecking in laying hens raised in conventional cage system. This study examines the effects of different type of cage and stock density on feather pecking behaviour in hens. Total of 216 Hisex Brown hens at 16 weeks of age were randomly selected and put into 2 types of battery cages: conventional cages ...

Background; Feather waste is generated in large amounts as a by-product of commercial poultry processing. The main component of feather is keratin. The main purpose of this study was to identify Bacillus spp. (the keratinolytic bacteria) that are able to degrade the feather for producing keratin. Methods; Bacillus spp. Were isolated from the waste of poultries located in Miyaneh city. The bact...

Fish protein hydrolysates were prepared from Cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) muscle using alcalase and protamex methods. By conducting the Cuttlefish protein hydrolysate using alcalase (CPHA), it showed higher degrees of hydrolysis, proximate composition, yield, emulsifying activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI), foaming activity index (FAI), solubility, water holding capacity (WHC) ...