Flow cytometry (FCM) allows the simultaneous measurement of multiple fluorescences and light scatter induced by illumination of single cells or microscopic particles in suspension, as they flow rapidly through a sensing area. In some systems, individual cells or particles may be sorted according to the properties exhibited. By using appropriate fluorescent markers, FCM is unique in that multipl...

Fuzzy C-means (FCM) is an unsupervised clustering technique and is often used for the unsupervised segmentation of multivariate images. In traditional FCM the clustering is based on spectral information only and geometrical relationship between neighbouring pixels is not used in the clustering procedure. In this paper, the Spatially Guided FCM (SGFCM) algorithm is presented which segments multi...

In follicular lymphoma (FL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) the monoclonal antibody rituximab may improve the prognosis when combined with chemotherapy. This was investigated in a prospective randomized study in patients with relapsed disease. A total of 147 patients were randomized to receive 4 courses of chemotherapy with 25 mg/m(2) fludarabine on days 1 to 3, 200 mg/m(2) cyclophosphamide on d...

BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) relapse is an uncommon but dramatic complication of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Several studies have demonstrated the superiority of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow cytometry (FCM), as compared with conventional cytology (CC), in detecting occult leptomeningeal disease. The clinical relevance of a positive FCM still has to be clarified. PATIEN...

Central nervous system infiltration by acute leukemia is a poor prognosis variable, and conventional cytology the gold standard for its diagnosis; technique highly specific but not sensitive. To improve diagnosis, flow cytometry has been used in different studies, showing greater sensitivity detection of leukemic cells. This study aimed to evaluate presence tumor cells flowcytometry cytology, c...

Background. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common hematological complication with potentially serious clinical consequences that may require intravenous iron therapy. Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a stable, nondextran iron formulation administered intravenously in large single doses to treat IDA. Objective. Two open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluated safety of multiple o...

BACKGROUND Diagnosis of hematologic malignancies requires a multidisciplinary approach. Flow cytometry (FCM) has become an essential tool for immunophenotypic studies of malignant hematopoietic cells. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utilization trend of FCM and its diagnostic yields for hematologic malignancy at a major teaching hospital in Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD FCM results of bone marrow...

The Fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM) is proved to converge to either local minimum or saddle point by Bezdek et al.. However, it is problematical to judge the local minimum of a solution of the FCM in an easy way. In this paper, the Hessian matrix of one reduced objective function of the FCM is got and analyzed. Based on this study, a new optimality test of fixed points of the FCM is given, and it...

In fuzzy clustering, the fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm is the most commonly used clustering method. However, the FCM algorithm is usually affected by initializations. Incorporating FCM into switching regressions, called the fuzzy c-regressions (FCR), has also the same drawback as FCM, where bad initializations may cause difficulties in obtaining appropriate clustering and regression results. In...

In medical applications it is very important for a physician to be informed of patient situation as soon as possible especially in emergency circumstances. Therefore all efficient agents in patient health must be fast even medical algorithms such as clustering ones. Among clustering methods Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering has been frequently used for segmentation of medical images. In this paper...