Selective ion separation is a major challenge with far-ranging impact from water desalination to product separation in catalysis. Recently introduced ferrocene (Fc)/ ferrocenium (Fc+) polymer electrode materials have been demonstrated experimentally and theoretically to selectively bind carboxylates over perchlorate through weak C−H···O hydrogen bond (HB) interactions that favor carboxylates, d...

Let I be a finite or infinite index set, let X be a topological space, and let Yi, φNi i∈I be a family of FC-spaces. For each i ∈ I, letAi : X → 2i be a set-valued mapping. Some new existence theorems of maximal elements for a set-valued mapping and a family of set-valued mappings involving a better admissible set-valuedmapping are established under noncompact setting of FC-spaces. Our results ...

Standards for feeder (a.k.a. feed trough) space allowance (SA) are based primarily on studies in conventional cages where laying hens tend to eat simultaneously, limiting feeder space. Large furnished cages (FC) offer more total space and opportunities to perform a greater variety of behaviors, which may affect feeding behavior and feeder space requirements. Our objective was to determine the e...

In an earlier work, Lee et al. [1] presented a simple and fast fuzzy classifier that employed fuzzy entropy to evaluate pattern distribution information in a pattern space. In this paper, we extend his work to propose a new fuzzy classifier based on hierarchical fuzzy entropy (FC-HFE). We retained the main parts of the original structure and modified some methods (e.g., decision of the number o...

Drought is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the cultivation of ornamental plants in the green space. The effects of spermidine and salicylic acid on hollyhock (Alcea rosea L.)under drought stress were investigated. At first, the plants were sprayed with 3 doses of spermidine and 3 doses of salicylic acid (control, 100, 200 and 400 μM) for three consecut...

AIMS To evaluate a new delivery system of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) as a prodrug and cytosine deaminase induced in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Fibroblastic cells from rabbit Tenon's capsule were cultured. The cells were exposed to 5-FU and 5-FC with or without cytosine deaminase induced by recombinant adenovirus. In the in vitro study, cell proliferation and DNA synth...

An (n, k) linear code C of length n over GF(q) = Fq, a Galios field of order q, where q is a prime, is a fc-dimensional linear subspace of F"q, where F"q denotes the space of all n-tuples over GF(q). A generator matrix G of this code is a k x n matrix whose rows form a basis of C. The parity-check matrix H of this code is an(n — fc) x n matrix such that Hv = 0 for all vectors veC. The row space...

BACKGROUND Cellular junctions are crucial for the formation of multicellular organisms, where they anchor cells to each other and/or supportive tissue and enable cell-to-cell communication. Some unicellular organisms, such as the parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei, also have complex cellular junctions. The flagella connector (FC) is a three-layered transmembrane junction that moves with the g...