The Health Level 7 (HL7) organization [1] has developed the Clinical Document Architecture’s (CDA) [2], an XMLbased document based on the Reference Information Model (RIM) [1], to provide a structure for clinical data exchange. The XML Schema Definition (XSD) language has been used to describe the CDA’s components and as a basis for the semantic conversion. Expressed in the Web Ontology Languag...

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and Confirmatory Data Analysis (CDA) are two statistical methods widely used in scientific research. They are typically applied in sequence: first, EDA helps form a model or a hypothesis to be tested, and then CDA provides the tools to confirm if that model or hypothesis holds true. When both analyses are applied within a single experiment, two main types of erro...

Most population viability analyses (PVA) assume that the effects of species interactions are subsumed by population-level parameters. We examine how robust five commonly used PVA models are to violations of this assumption. We develop a stochastic, stage-structured predator–prey model and simulate prey population vital rates and abundance. We then use simulated data to parameterize and estimate...

Most population viability analyses (PVA) assume that the effects of species interactions are subsumed by population-level parameters. We examine how robust five commonly used PVA models are to violations of this assumption. We develop a stochastic, stage-structured predator–prey model and simulate prey population vital rates and abundance. We then use simulated data to parameterize and estimate...

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a key role in soil fertility, hydrology, contaminants control and acts as a sink or source of terrestrial carbon content that can affect the concentration of atmospheric CO2. SOC supports the sustainability and quality of ecosystems, especially in semi-arid region. This study was conducted to determine relative importance of 13 different exploratory climatic, soi...

Background: Documents constructed according to the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) need to be reviewed, edited and approved by an author, who is usually a clinician. The CDA specification does not require any particular editing tool to be used in creating CDAs. The tools used to edit CDAs have typically been specific to a particular profile of CDA, and even to the application using tha...

As part of the Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture series, this volume mainly introduces the interdisciplinary and multi-methodological character of (critical) discourse analysis (CDA). Some of the contributions were further developed through discussion at the workshop on ‘New Agenda in CDA’ that was convened in 2003 at the University of Vienna. The intention of the editors wa...

PURPOSE Selecting patients according to key genetic characteristics may help to tailor chemotherapy and optimize the treatment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Polymorphisms at the xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD), excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), and cytidine deaminase (CDA) genes have been associated with alterations in enzymatic activity and may change sensitivity to t...

Climate signals are the results of interactions of multiple timescale media such as the atmosphere and ocean in the coupled earth system. Coupled data assimilation (CDA) pursues balanced and coherent climate analysis and prediction initialization by incorporating observations from multiple media into a coupled model. In practice, an observational time window (OTW) is usually used to collect mea...

Climate signals are the results of interactions of multiple time scale media such as the atmosphere and ocean in the coupled earth system. Coupled data assimilation (CDA) pursues balanced and coherent climate analysis and prediction 15 initialization by incorporating observations from multiple media into a coupled model. In practice, an observational time window (OTW) is usually used to collect...