ash'ari and the moste of mu'tazilite blive on the people must determine imam. based on their interpretation of this, there is two facts: first, the legal obligation is the religious necessity, not rational necessity, and secondly it is a task people not duty to god in this article we have tried to show the shi'te arguments on determine imam is a duty to god not people. such as: 1...

the traditional logician’s explanation on categorical syllogism, make the analysis of controversial syllogism and other relative syllogism, very difficult. the thirteenth century logicians use two methods to solve this problem. one method is ibn sina's method, which adds a premise to syllogism, and the second method is fakhr al-din al-razi and katebis’ method, which provide syllogism relyi...

Bu makale müteahhirîn dönem Eş‘arî kelâm âlimlerinden Fahreddîn er-Râzî’nin ilâhî sıfatların ontik değeri hususunda Mu‘tezilî eğilim gösterdiğini ve onu bu hususta haleflerinin de takip ettiğini göstermeye çalışmaktadır. Kelâm ilminin en hararetli tartışma sahasına sahip olan sıfatlar problemi itikadî mezhepler bazında dönemsel olarak farklı şekillerde yorumlanmıştır. Ebû Hâşim el-Cübbâî öncesi...

The fundamental issue in Islam that has to be stressed is the topic of faith. Some streams or sects dispute this using arguments naqal (revelation), 'aql (reason), and way comprehend unique Quranic verses. Among them are Ahl Sunnah wal Jamaah Ash'arites, Mu'tazilites, others. topics covered divinity, prophethood, sam'iyyat, which supernatural elements every Muslim must aware believe in. Thus, s...

This paper examines Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s understanding of metaphysical certainty in terms his theory ta’wīl (interpretation) while showing optimism attaining certainty. Rāzī, also known as the leader skeptics (shaykh al-mushakkikīn) Shiʻi sources, thoroughly criticizing philosophical and kalam traditions before him, remains a controversial figure among scholars. His critical thinking confound...

We examine a hitherto unstudied debate, turning on the epistemology of value judgements, between Ashʿarīs and Baṣran Muʿtazilīs late eleventh twelfth centuries. Al-Ghazālī al-Rāzī countered Muʿtazilī ethical realism, here defended by al-Malāḥimī, developing an emotive subjectivism underpinned increasingly sophisticated psychological accounts motivation. Value they maintained, arise not from kno...

Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi or was among the commentators who frequently used word lataif in his tafsir while interpreting verses of Quran. At same time, he alsolink with various fields knowledge. This term is often and clearly repeated a number times interpretation as if carries specific meaning concept. article aims to explain how background influenced ability adopting aspects term. study also ...