To the Editor; Tramadol, a synthetic opioid is mainly used to treat acute and chronic pain. Although this drug is not an over-the-counter medication, it has been illicitly accessible to and abused by opium addicts (1-3). Studies showed excessive and widespread use of tramadol in Iran (1-4). Tramadol may cause constipation, drowsiness, tachycardia and respiratory distress, while the most severe...

A key challenge in present invention is to predict the future failures based on historic failures. There are an enormous number of faults that can occur in a system which leads to system failure. As faults are unknown and cannot be measured, they produce error messages on their detection. A Hidden Markov Model for the error sequence is created using a well known Gaines optimization technique. A...

background: renal complication of leptospirosis is common and its clinical manifestations vary from urinary sediment changes to acute renal failure. the aim of this study was to determine the final outcome of renal involvement in leptospirosis. methods: this longitudinal prospective study included all serologically confirmed cases of leptospirosis with evidence of renal failure. all patients we...

The finite element analysis is adopted in this primary study. Using the Tsai-Wu criterion and delamination criterion, the stacking sequence [45/04/−454/904]s is the final optimal design for the wheelchair frame. On the contrary, the uni-directional laminates, i.e. [9013]s, [4513]s and [−4513]s, are bad designs due to the higher failure indexes. Keywords—Wheelchair frame, stacking sequence, fail...

Research to identify validated instructional approaches to teach math to students with LD and those at risk for failure in both core and supplemental instructional settings is necessary to assist teachers in closing the achievement gaps that exist across the country. The concrete-to-representational-to-abstract instructional sequence (CRA) has been identified through the literature as a promisi...