gasification (BBLG). One particularly harsh application is linings for gasifiers used in the treatment of black liquor (BL). Black liquor is a water solution of the non-cellulose portion of the wood (mainly lignin) and the spent pulping chemicals (Na2CO3, K2CO3, and Na2S). Development of new refractory materials for the black liquor gasification (BLG) application is a critical issue for imp...

The equilibrium phase relations of the MgO–CaO–TiO2 system were investigated at 1500–1600 °C in air using high-temperature isothermal equilibration samples platinum crucibles followed by rapid quenching technique. compositions analyzed an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer (EPMA). sections 1500 and 1600 constructed based on experimentally determined liquid compositions. present results deviate ...

Abstract The quaternary eutectic reaction in the Al5Ce3Si0.5Mg (wt pct) alloy, not anticipated based on existing phase diagrams and FactSage computational thermodynamic calculations, was revealed its growth mechanism assessed, emphasizing key role of minor additions magnesium. invariant transformation at 539 °C, L → α(Al) + Si Al 2 MgSi/Al Mg 78.9 Ce 5.9 12.7 2.6 , generated an ultrafine morpho...

Abstract In order to improve the high temperature melting characteristics of bituminous coal with low ash point, three kinds anthracites were used blended meet requirement blast furnace injection. The complete pulverized had been calculated by using FactSage thermodynamic calculation software. results showed that after adding different proportions anthracite deformation temperature, softening h...

Arsenic content in copper concentrates is continuously increasing worldwide. It desirable to remove arsenic from the earlier stages of making due deposition cathode during electrorefining process. Effects temperature, flux, and oxygen on distribution converting fire refining processes were studied using FactSage 8.2. The results showed that can be effectively removed by proper selection slags. ...

Shape memory alloys have again appealed a lot in recent years as new special materials of unusual macroscopic features that make them interesting for study and research as well as for their multifunctional application in various branches of techniques. Shape memory refers to the ability of certain plastic metals and alloys to regain their original shape during the heating process due to complet...

The paper gives an overview of the general theoretical background of computational thermochemistry as well as recent developments in the field, showing special application cases for real world problems. The established way of applying computational thermodynamics is the use of so-called integrated thermodynamic databank systems (ITDS). A short overview of the capabilities of such an ITDS is giv...

TiN and Ti2O3 are the predominant inclusion types in Ti-alloyed ferritic chromium stainless steels. In order to ensure the required steel cleanness level, an effective removal of such inclusions in the slag during secondary metallurgy is essential. This inclusion removal predominantly takes place via dissolution of the inclusion in the slag. The dissolution behavior of TiN and Ti2O3 in CaO-SiO2...

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is a promising option for the recovery of low-rank and inaccessible coal resources. Detailed mineralogical information is essential to understand underground reaction conditions far from the surface and optimize the operation parameters during the UCG process. It is also significant in identifying the environmental effects of UCG residue. In this paper, with ...