A series of laboratory experiments was conducted using electrical penetration graph, salivary flange, and honeydew measurement to study the effects of feeding-induced intra- and interspecific interactions on feeding behavior and honeydew excretion between planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and Sogatela furcifera (Horváth). Feeding-induced intra- and interspecific interactions affected many ...

Over the years, many medical school curricula have started implementing diverse student-centred teaching and learning methodologies. Previous studies, however, have indicated that students prefer more traditional and directive methodologies instead, raising questions on which training approach should be advocated. This study contrasts the effects of a student-centred (i.e. facilitative) trainin...

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is now widely used around the world to deal with disputes and conflicts as well as agreement-making and planning. Forms of ADR initially developed in many countries often supported thirdparty decision-making and therefore tended to be more advisory or decisional and less facilitative (for example, arbitral forms of ADR were introduced in many jurisdictions b...

Young and old subjects were tested on their memory for paired-associate terms when cued with either facilitative or misleading word stems. After studying a long list of pairs of unrelated words (e.g., hair-turtle), recall of a particular target term was cued in a facilitative manner (hair-tu____) or a misleading manner (hair-ta____). The effects of these cues were assessed relative to a baselin...

Interactions among plants have been hypothesized to be context dependent, shifting between facilitative and competitive in response to variation in physical and biological stresses. This hypothesis has been supported by studies of the importance of positive and negative interactions along abiotic stress gradients (e.g., salinity, desiccation), but few studies have tested how variation in biotic...

Luminal and abluminal plasma membranes were isolated from bovine brain microvessels and used to identify and characterize Na(+)-dependent and facilitative taurine transport. The calculated transmembrane potential was -59 mV at time 0; external Na(+) (or choline under putative zero-trans conditions) was 126 mM (T=25 °C). The apparent affinity constants of the taurine transporters were determined...

C estimates place the number of named species at about 1.4 million (WRI 2001). Scientists continue to discover new species daily, and estimates suggest the total number of species on Earth is somewhere between 2 million and 100 million. More remarkable is that over the past 3 billion to 4 billion years, this enormous diversity of living creatures appears to have evolved from very few ancestral ...

Forest ecosystems in Tanzania vary from mountain to riverine forests along the eastern arc mountain range, to miombo and acacia woodlands found across the country, to mangroves on the coast. Forests are important to Tanzanian economy and society due to the diverse goods and services they provide, including wood, water, fodder, medicine, fuel, food, shelter, employment, recreation, various habit...