The external carotid artery originates branches to face structures. The superior thyroid, lingual and facial arteries are originated from this vessel as artery trunks or separately. The aim of this study was to determinate the arrangement frequency of these artery branches. For this, thirty six (36) hemi-heads of adult cadavers from both genders were studied. The anatomic parts were fixed in 10...

BACKGROUND Open injuries to the face involving the external carotid artery are uncommon. These injuries are normally associated with laceration of the facial nerve because this nerve is more superficial than the external carotid artery. Hence, external carotid artery lesions are usually associated with facial nerve dysfunction. We present an unusual case report in which the patient had an injur...

In 2009, we have described the use of freestyle facial artery perforator flaps for one-stage nose reconstruction. Since then, several articles have reported the use of facial artery perforator flaps for nose reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to provide an update of the published technique after 10 years of experience. Since 2004, 21 patients have been treated with a freestyle facia...

The aim of this study was to estimate the overall viability islanded facial artery myomucosal flap (iFAMM) compared (FAMM). A systematic review English articles performed on PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Search terms included every nomenclature variant for FAMM iFAMM flap. total 373 were identified, 20 considered eligible inclusion in review. 486 flaps evaluated (350 136 i-F...

Cosmetic facial filler-related ophthalmic artery occlusion is rare but is a devastating complication, while the exact pathophysiology is still elusive. Cerebral angiography provides more detailed information on blood flow of ophthalmic artery as well as surrounding orbital area which cannot be covered by fundus fluorescein angiography. This study aimed to evaluate cerebral angiographic features...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Facial nerve stimulation has been proposed as a new treatment of ischemic stroke because autonomic components of the nerve dilate cerebral arteries and increase cerebral blood flow when activated. A noninvasive facial nerve stimulator device based on pulsed magnetic stimulation was tested in a dog middle cerebral artery occlusion model. METHODS We used an ischemic strok...

A 65-year-old woman presented with left facial involuntary movement and facial palsy for eight years. Brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed multiple vascular compression of facial nerve root exit zone (REZ). Standard retromastoid suboccipital craniectomy and arachnoid dissection were performed. Right vertebral artery (VA), left VA, left anterior ...