Many countries in 1995-2008 have experienced what we call “value added erosion”, which describes the phenomenon of the decline in the shares of domestic value added in a country’s exports as the country becomes more integrated into the Global Value Chains (GVCs). We argue that the decline of domestic value added share in a country’s exports is likely to be caused by the expansion of high value-...

Developing countries typically exhibit small firm size, high dispersion of firm-level productivity, and low trade-to-output ratios. They also tend to export particularly less to more distant and smaller markets. To rationalize these facts, this paper develops a flexible, multi-country general equilibrium model of production and trade in which heterogeneous producers face both domestic size-depe...

Developing countries typically exhibit small firm size, high dispersion of marginal productivity of factors across firms, and low trade-to-output ratios. They also tend to export particularly less to more distant and smaller markets. To rationalize these facts, this paper develops a flexible, multi-country general equilibrium model of production and trade in which heterogeneous producers face b...

Many countries in 1995-2008 have experienced what we call the “valueadded erosion”, which describes the phenomenon of the decline in the sectoral shares of domestic value-added in a country’s exports as the country becomes more integrated into the Global Value Chains (GVCs). We argue that the decline of domestic value added share in a country’s exports is likely to be caused by the expansion of...

The ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI) proposal provides an opportunity to address the challenges of energy security. This paper aims explore relationship between China’s policies BRI, especially in security, by highlighting status China its top priorities. In this study, analytical framework presented is based on model “four As.” results indicated that BRI can improve security all four areas ava...

The aim of this paper is to examine the role Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) in economic development and trade Indonesia. This research motivated by fact that there still limited financing Indonesia as well financing. based on a qualitative methodology using data from scientific journals field Waqf, including CWLS. results cash waqf several countries has been used for beneficiaries. Especially CW...

Rmi1 is a member of the Sgs1/Top3/Rmi1 (STR) complex of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has been implicated in binding and catalytic enhancement of Top3 in the dissolution of double Holliday junctions. Deletion of RMI1 results in a severe growth defect resembling that of top3Δ. Despite the importance of Rmi1 for cell viability, little is known about its functional domains, particularly in Rmi1 of ...