We reported previously that substitutions F61L, F61W, F61Y and F61A in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase affect strand displacement synthesis [T. S. Fisher, T. Darden and V. R. Prasad (2003) J. Mol. Biol., 325, 443-459]. We have now determined the effect of these mutations on HIV replication. All mutant viruses were replication defective. Measuring replication in...

and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, N.Y. 10029 There has been a considerable amount of work on uncertainty in knowledge-based systems. This work has generally been concerned with uncertainty arising from the strength of inferences and the weighting of evidence. In this paper, we discuss another type of uncertainty: that which is due...

A vast amount of information is collected on the subsequent health and development of babies who are born early or small, as well as about babies who are ill around the time of birth, or who have had a particular treatment or intervention. This information is collected for diVerent reasons and in several diVerent ways. Some data are collected as part of prospectively planned follow up studies, ...

P eople’s business credit program (KUR) has been launched to alleviate poverty through provision of micro financing to micro entrepreneurs in Indonesia This study aims to estimate the impact of KUR program using cross-sectional data and propensity score matching technique (PSM). The survey was conducted on 332 household entrepreneurs, consisting of 155 KUR receivers and 177 non-KUR r...

PERITUBULAR FIBROBLASTS ARE a major fraction of interstitial cells in the kidney that produce erythropoietin. In an issue of the American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Ponnusamy and colleagues (14) have explored the mechanism linking renal tubular epithelial cell death and injury to peritubular fibroblasts. The results of this work provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying t...