Microsclerotia (MS), overwintering structures produced by many plant pathogenic fungi, have not been described for Metarhizium anisopliae. Three strains of M. anisopliae--F52, TM109, and MA1200--formed MS in shake flask cultures using media with varying carbon concentrations and carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios. Under the conditions of this study, all strains produced MS, compact hyphal aggregat...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) strain PPRI 5339 [BroadBand, an emulsifiable spore concentrate (EC) formulation] and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) strain F52 [Met52, both EC and granular (GR) formulations] against the larvae of ...

The objective of this study was to determine the persistence of Metarhizium anisopliae (F52), measured as infectivity against black vine weevil larvae, in a soilless potting medium at six wholesale nursery locations across the Willamette Valley, Oregon. A granule formulation (0.30 and 0.60 kg/m(3)) was incorporated into media at planting and fungal persistence determined over two growing season...

The parameters of the shot's trajectory were reported for male and female gold medalists (classes F52, F53, F54, and F55) who competed at the 2000 Paralympic Games and the 2002 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) World Championships. The specific objective was to determine the magnitude of differences in these parameters across classes and genders. The release velocity of the shot increase...

We retraced the development of the network of those who participated in the 9/11 attacks through four stages: 1998-99, December 2000, May 2001 and August 2001. We established that throughout its development, the network had the characteristics of a small world. The implications of this result pointed towards an easily detectable but difficult to dismantle network due to its large clusters. We t...

How do foreign powers disengage from a conflict? We study this issue by examining the recent, large-scale security transition international troops to local forces in ongoing civil conflict Afghanistan. construct new dataset that combines information on process with declassified outcomes and previously unreleased quarterly survey data of residents’ perceptions security. Our empirical design leve...

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were produced against the early Polish strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolated from subclinical cases of Gumboro disease between 1978 and 1980. Splenocytes from immunized mice were fused to myeloma cells and hybridomas producing antibodies against homologous and different pathotype of IBDVs were selected by indirect ELISA, immunoperoxidase, ELISA-...

Th e rapid economic rise of China, India, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) could have several eff ects on regional peace and global security. Th e power transition perspective overstates the risk of confl ict that results from convergence between dominant and challenger states. Rapid changes in economic and military capabilities can, however, have negative consequences for...

A legitimate state uses violence to enforce contractual agreements within its territory. Criminal organizations may enforce transactions that are legally restricted or banned, or otherwise ignored by the legitimate state. In this sense, criminal organizations may also function as states. Legitimate states may be threatened by violent rebellions. I model how legitimate states and rebellions may ...